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Fig. 3. Crawling speed in A. rubens is not affected by the number of adhering tube feet. (A) Displacement of A. rubens recorded over 20 s, with the number of tube feet in contact and the contact area measured every 0.2 s. (B) Average number of tube feet in contact over time for individuals of increasing mass (color-coded from light to dark: 11.39 g, 20.96 g, 37.75 g, and 68.31 g). (C) Relationship between the average number of tube feet in contact and body mass (n = 39, R2 = 0.3536, P < 0.0001). (D) Crawling speed as a function of the average number of tube feet in contact and body mass (n = 39). (E) Relationship between the percentage of tube feet in contact and body mass (n = 39, R2 = 0.0926, P = 0.0002). (F) Relationship between the crawling speed and the average percentage of tube feet in contact (n = 39). All data are presented as mean ± SD. Image published in: Deridoux A et al. (2026) Image downloaded from an Open Access article in PubMed Central. Copyright © 2026 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. Larger Image Printer Friendly View

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