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FIGURE 7. In vivo immune modulation induced by SUIF. (a) Immunofluorescence staining of iNOS and CD163 in peri‐defect tissues harvested from mouse tibial defects 2 weeks after material implantation. ELISA quantification of inflammation‐related cytokines IL‐1β (b), IL‐10 (c), and TNF‐α (d) in the defect region. (e) Flow cytometric analysis of macrophage surface markers CD80 and CD86 in tissue‐derived cells from the SUIF and 5B5Sr‐SUIF groups 2 weeks post‐implantation; (f) quantitative analysis of the flow cytometry data. (g) Quantitative assessment of TRAP activity in peri‐defect tissues from the SUIF and 5B5Sr‐SUIF groups. PCR analysis of osteoclast‐related genes MMP9 (h), RANKL (i), and TRAP (j) in tissues from the SUIF and 5B5Sr‐SUIF groups. (k) Representative TRAP staining of tissue sections from the SUIF and 5B5Sr‐SUIF groups at 2 and 4 weeks post‐implantation.

Image published in: Lu Y et al. (2026)

Image downloaded from an Open Access article in PubMed Central. © 2026 The Author(s). Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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