Forin N et al. (2020), Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous f...

ECB-ART-48997

Persoonia 2020 Dec 01;45:221-249. doi: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.09.

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Illuminating type collections of nectriaceous fungi in Saccardo's fungarium.

Forin N , Vizzini A , Nigris S , Ercole E , Voyron S , Girlanda M , Baldan B .

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Specimens of Nectria spp. and Nectriella rufofusca were obtained from the fungarium of Pier Andrea Saccardo, and investigated via a morphological and molecular approach based on MiSeq technology. ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were successfully obtained from 24 specimens identified as 'Nectria' sensu Saccardo (including 20 types) and from the type specimen of Nectriella rufofusca. For Nectria ambigua, N. radians and N. tjibodensis only the ITS1 sequence was recovered. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses new nomenclatural combinations for Nectria albofimbriata, N. ambigua, N. ambigua var. pallens, N. granuligera, N. peziza subsp. reyesiana, N. radians, N. squamuligera, N. tjibodensis and new synonymies for N. congesta, N. flageoletiana, N. phyllostachydis, N. sordescens and N. tjibodensis var. crebrior are proposed. Furthermore, the current classification is confirmed for Nectria coronata, N. cyanostoma, N. dolichospora, N. illudens, N. leucotricha, N. mantuana, N. raripila and Nectriella rufofusca. This is the first time that these more than 100-yr-old specimens are subjected to molecular analysis, thereby providing important new DNA sequence data authentic for these names.

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	Fig. 1. Phylogeny generated from Bayesian inference analysis based on ITS sequence data of species belonging to different Bionectriaceae genera. Stylonectria norvegica (Nectriaceae) is selected as the outgroup taxon. Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values ≥ 0.95 (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) values ≥ 70 % (right) are shown on the branches. Lower values are exceptionally represented inside parentheses. The scale bar indicates 0.09 changes. Newly obtained sequences are reported in bold.
	Fig. 2. Phylogeny generated from Bayesian inference analysis based on combined TUB2 and ITS sequence data of selected Clonostachys species. Clonostachys divergens is selected as the outgroup taxon. Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values ≥ 0.95 (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) values ≥ 70 % (right) are shown on the branches. Lower values are exceptionally represented inside parentheses. The scale bar indicates 0.02 changes. Newly obtained sequences are reported in bold.
	Fig. 3. Phylogeny generated from Bayesian inference analysis based on ITS sequence data of species belonging to different Nectriaceae genera. Bionectria ochroleuca (Bionectriaceae) is selected as the outgroup taxon. Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values ≥ 0.95 (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) values ≥ 70 % (right) are shown on the branches. Lower values are exceptionally represented inside parentheses. The scale bar indicates 0.08 changes. Newly obtained sequences are reported in bold.
	Fig. 4. Phylogeny generated from Bayesian inference analysis based on combined ITS and 28S rDNA sequence data of Fusicolla species. Clonostachys buxi is selected as the outgroup taxon. Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) values ≥ 0.95 (left) and maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLB) values ≥ 70 % (right) are shown on the branches. Lower values are exceptionally represented inside parentheses. The scale bar indicates 0.03 changes. Newly obtained sequence is reported in bold.
	Fig. 5. a–e. Nectria albofimbriata (PAD S00001: herbarium Saccardo, n. 436a, lectotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c–e. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria albofimbriata (PAD S00002: herbarium Saccardo, n. 172, syntype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — k–o. Nectria albofimbriata (PAD S00026: herbarium Saccardo, n. 430). k. Original herbarium specimen; l. perithecia on natural substrate; m–o. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b, g, l = 500 μm; c–d, m–o = 5 μm; e, h–j = 10 μm. — Photos: a–e, k–o by N. Forin; f–j by S. Nigris.
	Fig. 6. a–e. Nectria ambigua (PAD S00003: herbarium Saccardo, n. 119, holotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c–e. ascus and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria ambigua var. pallens (PAD S00004: herbarium Saccardo, n. 452 ex p., lectotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b, g = 500 μm; c–d = 20 μm; e, h = 10 μm; i–j = 5 μm. — Photos: a–e by S. Nigris; f–j by N. Forin.
	Fig. 7. a–e. Nectria congesta (PAD S00005: herbarium Saccardo, lectotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c–e. ascospores in cotton blue and water. — f–j. Nectria mantuana (PAD S00014: herbarium Saccardo, holotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. ascus and ascospores in cotton blue and water. — Scale bars: b, g = 500 μm; c, e, h, j = 5 μm; d, i = 10 μm. — Photos: a–e by S. Nigris; f–j by N. Forin.
	Fig. 8. a–e. Nectria coronata (PAD S00006: herbarium Saccardo, n. 452 ex p., holotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c. perithecium magnification with the typical crown which distinguishes the species; d–e. ascospores in water. — f–j. Nectria cyanostoma (PAD S00007: herbarium Saccardo, n. 32, syntype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–i. macroconidia in cotton blue; j. ascospore in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b = 500 μm; c, g = 100 μm; d–e = 20 μm; h–j = 5 μm. — Photos: a–e by S. Nigris; f–j by N. Forin.
	Fig. 9. a–e. Nectria dolichospora (PAD S00008: herbarium Saccardo, n. 434, lectotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c. perithecium magnification; d–e. ascus and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria dolichospora (PAD S00009: herbarium Saccardo, n. 442, syntype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. asci and ascospores in cotton blue and water. — Scale bars: b = 500 μm; c = 100 μm; d, h–j = 5 μm; e = 10 μm; g = 50 μm. — Photos: a–e by S. Nigris; f–j by N. Forin.
	Fig. 10. a–e. Nectria flageoletiana (PAD S00010: herbarium Saccardo, holotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c–e. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria phyllostachydis (PAD S00016: herbarium Saccardo, isolectotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. ascospores in cotton blue and water. — k–n. Nectria phyllostachydis (TNS-F-210044: herbarium National Museum of Nature and Science, lectotype). k–l. Original herbarium specimen; m–n. perithecia on natural substrate. — Scale bars: b, g, m–n = 500 μm; c, j = 5 μm; d–e, i = 10 μm; h = 20 μm. — Photos: a–e by N. Forin; f–j by S. Nigris; k–n by Y. Tochihara.
	Fig. 11. a–e. Nectria squamuligera (PAD S00020: herbarium Saccardo, lectotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c. perithecium magnification with details of the surface in cotton blue; d–e. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria granuligera (PAD S00011: herbarium Saccardo, n. 1082, lectotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h. perithecium magnification with details of the surface in cotton blue; i–j. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b = 500 μm; c, g–h = 100 μm; d–e, i–j = 5 μm. — Photos by N. Forin.
	Fig. 12. a–e. Nectria peziza subsp. reyesiana (PAD S00015: herbarium Saccardo, n. 1609, holotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b–c. perithecia on natural substrate; d–e. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria illudens (PAD S00012: herbarium Saccardo, neotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b, g = 500 μm; c = 150 μm; d–e, h–j = 10 μm. — Photos: a–e by N. Forin; f–j by S. Nigris.
	Fig. 13. a–e. Nectria leucotricha (PAD S00013: herbarium Saccardo, n. 150, lectotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c. perithecium magnification with the visible trichomes on the surface; d–e. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectriella rufofusca (PAD S00025: herbarium Saccardo, n. 436, holotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. asci and ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b, g = 500 μm; c = 100 μm; d–e = 10 μm; h–j = 5 μm. — Photos: a–e by S. Nigris; f–j by N. Forin.
	Fig. 14. a–e. Nectria raripila (PAD S00018: herbarium Saccardo, n. 923, holotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c–e. ascus and ascospores in cotton blue and water. — f–j. Nectria sordescens (PAD S00019: herbarium Saccardo, holotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b = 50 μm; c = 5 μm; d–e, h–j = 10 μm; g = 500 μm. — Photos by N. Forin.
	Fig. 15. a–e. Nectria tjibodensis (PAD S00023: herbarium Saccardo, n. 166, lectotype). a. Original herbarium specimen; b. perithecia on natural substrate; c–e. ascus and ascospores in cotton blue. — f–j. Nectria tjibodensis var. crebrior (PAD S00024: herbarium Saccardo, n. 123, holotype). f. Original herbarium specimen; g. perithecia on natural substrate; h–j. ascus and ascospores in cotton blue. — Scale bars: b = 500 μm; c–e, h–j = 5 μm; g = 200 μm. — Photos by N. Forin.

References [+] :

Abreu, Diversity of Clonostachys species assessed by molecular phylogenetics and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. 2014, Pubmed