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Mar Drugs
2022 Sep 15;209:. doi: 10.3390/md20090578.
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The Phospholipid Molecular Species Profile of Apostichopus japonicus Tissues Modifies through Exposure to n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Deficient Diet.
Ermolenko EV
,
Sikorskaya TV
,
Grigorchuk VP
.
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The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, being a target species of commercial fisheries and aquaculture, is also used as a source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological potential. By the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry, we analyzed the major structural phospholipids (PL)-glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoserines (PS), and glycerophosphoinositols (PI)-in tissues of wild and cultured sea cucumbers. The intestines of the wild and cultured animals differed from the other tissues by an elevated content of molecular species of PE, PC, and PS with 22:6n-3 fatty acid. The respiratory trees of the studied animals contained a high level of odd-chain PI and PI with 20:4n-6. The exposure to n-3 PUFA-deficient diet resulted in substantial changes in the molecular species profile of PL of the wild and cultured animals. The cultured sea cucumbers showed a significant decrease in the 20:5n-3 content in all four studied PL classes. A replacement of 20:5n-3 by 20:4n-6 occurred in PE, PC, and PI. The decrease in the level of molecular species of PS with 20:5n-3 was compensated by an increase in the level of monounsaturated long-chain PS. The diet of cultured sea cucumbers is a crucial factor for enhancing the nutritional properties of the product obtained from them.
Figure 1. Heat maps of average data of phospholipid molecular species with a clustering (tree clustering, wards method, and Euclidean distances): (a) glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), (b) glycerophosphocholines (PC), (c) glycerophosphoinositols (PI), and (d) glycerophosphoserines (PS). The scale bar above the heatmap(s) represents the standard scaling to the relative abundance of lipid content (% of each class) in the samples.
Figure 2. Results of principal components analyses (PCA) on the basis of lipid molecular species composition (% of each lipid class) of the body wall, respiratory tree and alimentary canal of wild and cultured Apostichopus japonicus sea cucumbers. Symbols are as follows: ● respiratory tree, ■ body wall and ▲ intestine of cultured specimens; and ○ respiratory tree □ body wall and ∆ intestine of wild specimens. PE: glycerophosphoethanolamines; PC: glycerophosphocholines, PI: glycerophosphoinositols; PS: glycerophosphoserines.
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