ECB-ART-41123
Development
2009 Jun 01;13611:1835-47. doi: 10.1242/dev.030775.
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Extracellular matrix modifications at fertilization: regulation of dityrosine crosslinking by transamidation.
Wong JL
,
Wessel GM
.
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Fertilization is accompanied by the construction of an extracellular matrix that protects the new zygote. In sea urchins, this structure is built from glycoproteins residing at the egg surface and in secretory vesicles at the egg cortex. Four enzymatic activities are required for the transformation of these proteins into the mechanically and chemically resilient fertilization envelope: proteolysis, transamidation, NADPH-dependent oxidation and peroxidation. Here, we identify the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus enzymes responsible for the formation of epsilon(gamma-glutamyl)lysine crosslinks (transamidation). We find that these two transglutaminases are activated by local acidification and act on specific substrates within the fertilization envelope (including ovoperoxidase, rendezvin and SFE9). Surprisingly, these enzymes also regulate dityrosine crosslinking both by direct conjugation of ovoperoxidase and by modulating hydrogen peroxide production. Together, these results emphasize how transglutaminases can coordinate the activities of other enzymes during extracellular matrix transmogrifications.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 19403662
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC2680108
???displayArticle.link??? Development
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
T32 GM007601 NIGMS NIH HHS
Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC590297 op sfe9
???displayArticle.antibodies??? LOC590790 Ab3 tgm1 Ab1 tgml Ab1
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