Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Echinoderms are important experimental models for analyzing embryonic development, but a lack of spatial and temporal control over gene perturbations has hindered developmental studies using these animals. Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used successfully by the echinoderm research community for almost two decades, and MOs remain the most widely used tool for acute gene knockdowns in these organisms. Echinoderm embryos develop externally and are optically transparent, making them ideally-suited to many light-based approaches for analyzing and manipulating development. Studies using zebrafish embryos have demonstrated the effectiveness of photoactivatable (caged) MOs for conditional gene knockdowns. Here we show that caged MOs, synthesized using nucleobase-caged monomers, provide light-regulated control over gene expression in sea urchin embryos. Our work provides the first robust approach for conditional gene silencing in this prominent model system.
Adomako-Ankomah,
Growth factor-mediated mesodermal cell guidance and skeletogenesis during sea urchin gastrulation.
2013, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Adomako-Ankomah,
Growth factor-mediated mesodermal cell guidance and skeletogenesis during sea urchin gastrulation.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Angerer,
Patterning the sea urchin embryo: gene regulatory networks, signaling pathways, and cellular interactions.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Angerer,
Disruption of gene function using antisense morpholinos.
2004,
Pubmed Bardhan,
Development of photolabile protecting groups and their application to the optochemical control of cell signaling.
2019,
Pubmed Blum,
Morpholinos: Antisense and Sensibility.
2015,
Pubmed Cary,
Genomic resources for the study of echinoderm development and evolution.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Cary,
Echinoderm development and evolution in the post-genomic era.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Cheers,
Rapid microinjection of fertilized eggs.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Cui,
Recent advances in functional perturbation and genome editing techniques in studying sea urchin development.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Davidson,
Network design principles from the sea urchin embryo.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Deiters,
Photocaged morpholino oligomers for the light-regulation of gene function in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos.
2010,
Pubmed Duboc,
Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo is regulated by nodal signaling on the right side.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Duloquin,
Localized VEGF signaling from ectoderm to mesenchyme cells controls morphogenesis of the sea urchin embryo skeleton.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Ekker,
Nonconventional antisense in zebrafish for functional genomics applications.
2004,
Pubmed El-Brolosy,
Genetic compensation triggered by mutant mRNA degradation.
2019,
Pubmed Ettensohn,
The evolution of a new cell type was associated with competition for a signaling ligand.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Ettensohn,
KirrelL, a member of the Ig-domain superfamily of adhesion proteins, is essential for fusion of primary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Ettensohn,
Cell lineage conversion in the sea urchin embryo.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Fernandez-Serra,
Role of the ERK-mediated signaling pathway in mesenchyme formation and differentiation in the sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Foltz,
Echinoderm eggs and embryos: procurement and culture.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Foster,
Single cell RNA-seq in the sea urchin embryo show marked cell-type specificity in the Delta/Notch pathway.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Gentsch,
Innate Immune Response and Off-Target Mis-splicing Are Common Morpholino-Induced Side Effects in Xenopus.
2018,
Pubmed Govan,
Optochemical control of RNA interference in mammalian cells.
2013,
Pubmed Heasman,
Morpholino oligos: making sense of antisense?
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Hemphill,
Optical Control of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing.
2015,
Pubmed Hemphill,
Site-specific promoter caging enables optochemical gene activation in cells and animals.
2014,
Pubmed Heyland,
Manipulation of developing juvenile structures in purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) by morpholino injection into late stage larvae.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Hodor,
The dynamics and regulation of mesenchymal cell fusion in the sea urchin embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Kok,
Reverse genetic screening reveals poor correlation between morpholino-induced and mutant phenotypes in zebrafish.
2015,
Pubmed Lin,
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in sea urchins.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Lin,
Genome editing in sea urchin embryos by using a CRISPR/Cas9 system.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Liu,
Establishment of knockout adult sea urchins by using a CRISPR-Cas9 system.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Liu,
Optochemical control of deoxyoligonucleotide function via a nucleobase-caging approach.
2014,
Pubmed Liu,
Very fast CRISPR on demand.
2020,
Pubmed Lowe,
Omics approaches to study gene regulatory networks for development in echinoderms.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Luo,
Opposing nodal and BMP signals regulate left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin larva.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Ma,
PTC-bearing mRNA elicits a genetic compensation response via Upf3a and COMPASS components.
2019,
Pubmed Martik,
Developmental gene regulatory networks in sea urchins and what we can learn from them.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Materna,
Using Morpholinos to Probe Gene Networks in Sea Urchin.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase McClay,
Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: sea urchins.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase McClay,
Sea Urchin Morphogenesis.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Mehravar,
Mosaicism in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing.
2019,
Pubmed Mellott,
Notch signaling patterns neurogenic ectoderm and regulates the asymmetric division of neural progenitors in sea urchin embryos.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Molina,
Expression of exogenous mRNAs to study gene function in echinoderm embryos.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Naro,
Optical Control of Small Molecule-Induced Protein Degradation.
2020,
Pubmed Oulhen,
Transient translational quiescence in primordial germ cells.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Ouyang,
Versatile synthesis and rational design of caged morpholinos.
2009,
Pubmed Paraiso,
Morpholinos Do Not Elicit an Innate Immune Response during Early Xenopus Embryogenesis.
2019,
Pubmed Pattanayak,
Combinatorial control of gene function with wavelength-selective caged morpholinos.
2019,
Pubmed Peng,
Gene redundancy and gene compensation: An updated view.
2019,
Pubmed Peter,
Regulatory states in the developmental control of gene expression.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Peter,
Methods for the experimental and computational analysis of gene regulatory networks in sea urchins.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Robu,
p53 activation by knockdown technologies.
2007,
Pubmed Rossi,
Genetic compensation induced by deleterious mutations but not gene knockdowns.
2015,
Pubmed Shashikant,
From genome to anatomy: The architecture and evolution of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins and other echinoderms.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Shestopalov,
Light-controlled gene silencing in zebrafish embryos.
2007,
Pubmed Stainier,
Making sense of anti-sense data.
2015,
Pubmed Tallafuss,
Turning gene function ON and OFF using sense and antisense photo-morpholinos in zebrafish.
2012,
Pubmed Tomasini,
PhotoMorphs: a novel light-activated reagent for controlling gene expression in zebrafish.
2009,
Pubmed Tu,
Quantitative developmental transcriptomes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Wang,
Manipulation of gene expression in zebrafish using caged circular morpholino oligomers.
2012,
Pubmed Warner,
Contribution of hedgehog signaling to the establishment of left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Wessel,
Germ Line Mechanics--And Unfinished Business.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Wilt,
Developmental biology meets materials science: Morphogenesis of biomineralized structures.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yaguchi,
Establishment of homozygous knock-out sea urchins.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yamazoe,
Sequential gene silencing using wavelength-selective caged morpholino oligonucleotides.
2014,
Pubmed Yamazoe,
Cyclic caged morpholinos: conformationally gated probes of embryonic gene function.
2012,
Pubmed Young,
Light-triggered polymerase chain reaction.
2008,
Pubmed Young,
Gene silencing in mammalian cells with light-activated antisense agents.
2008,
Pubmed Zhang,
Drug Inducible CRISPR/Cas Systems.
2019,
Pubmed Zhou,
Spatiotemporal Control of CRISPR/Cas9 Function in Cells and Zebrafish using Light-Activated Guide RNA.
2020,
Pubmed Zhu,
Short body length phenotype is compensated by the upregulation of nidogen family members in a deleterious nid1a mutation of zebrafish.
2017,
Pubmed
