Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Feedback control of the metaphase-anaphase transition in sea urchin zygotes: role of maloriented chromosomes.
Sluder G
,
Miller FJ
,
Thompson EA
,
Wolf DE
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
To help ensure the fidelity of chromosome transmission during mitosis, sea urchin zygotes have feedback control mechanisms for the metaphase-anaphase transition that monitor the assembly of spindle microtubules and the complete absence of proper chromosome attachment to the spindle. The way in which these feedback controls work has not been known. In this study we directly test the proposal that these controls operate by maloriented chromosomes producing a diffusible inhibitor of the metaphase-anaphase transition. We show that zygotes having 50% of their chromosomes (approximately 20) unattached or monoriented initiate anaphase at the same time as the controls, a time that is well within the maximum period these zygotes will spend in mitosis. In vivo observations of the unattached maternal chromosomes indicate that they are functionally within the sphere of influence of the molecular events that cause chromosome disjunction in the spindle. Although the unattached chromosomes disjoin (anaphase onset without chromosome movement) several minutes after spindle anaphase onset, their disjunction is correlated with the time of spindle anaphase onset, not the time their nucleus breaks down. This suggests that the molecular events that trigger chromosome disjunction originate in the central spindle and propagate outward. Our results show that the mechanisms for the feedback control of the metaphase-anaphase transition in sea urchin zygotes do not involve a diffusible inhibitor produced by maloriented chromosomes. Even though the feedback controls for the metaphase-anaphase transition may detect the complete absence of properly attached chromosomes, they are insensitive to unattached or mono-oriented chromosomes as long as some chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle.
Bernat,
Injection of anticentromere antibodies in interphase disrupts events required for chromosome movement at mitosis.
1990, Pubmed
Bernat,
Injection of anticentromere antibodies in interphase disrupts events required for chromosome movement at mitosis.
1990,
Pubmed
Earnshaw,
Role of the centromere/kinetochore in cell cycle control.
1991,
Pubmed
Fuseler,
Repetitive procurement of mature gametes from individual sea stars and sea urchins.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gorbsky,
Differential expression of a phosphoepitope at the kinetochores of moving chromosomes.
1993,
Pubmed
Hartwell,
Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events.
1989,
Pubmed
Holloway,
Anaphase is initiated by proteolysis rather than by the inactivation of maturation-promoting factor.
1993,
Pubmed
Hoyt,
S. cerevisiae genes required for cell cycle arrest in response to loss of microtubule function.
1991,
Pubmed
Hyman,
Two different microtubule-based motor activities with opposite polarities in kinetochores.
1991,
Pubmed
Jordan,
Mechanism of mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation by taxol at low concentrations.
1993,
Pubmed
Leslie,
Chromosomes attain a metaphase position on half-spindles in the absence of an opposing spindle pole.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Li,
Feedback control of mitosis in budding yeast.
1991,
Pubmed
McKim,
Mechanical basis of meiotic metaphase arrest.
1993,
Pubmed
Murray,
Creative blocks: cell-cycle checkpoints and feedback controls.
1992,
Pubmed
Nicklas,
Odd chromosome movement and inaccurate chromosome distribution in mitosis and meiosis after treatment with protein kinase inhibitors.
1993,
Pubmed
Nicklas,
Evolution and the meaning of metaphase.
1992,
Pubmed
Nislow,
A monoclonal antibody to a mitotic microtubule-associated protein blocks mitotic progression.
1990,
Pubmed
Nislow,
A plus-end-directed motor enzyme that moves antiparallel microtubules in vitro localizes to the interzone of mitotic spindles.
1992,
Pubmed
Rieder,
Colcemid and the mitotic cycle.
1992,
Pubmed
Skibbens,
Directional instability of kinetochore motility during chromosome congression and segregation in mitotic newt lung cells: a push-pull mechanism.
1993,
Pubmed
Sluder,
Role of spindle microtubules in the control of cell cycle timing.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sluder,
Control mechanisms of the cell cycle: role of the spatial arrangement of spindle components in the timing of mitotic events.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sluder,
The reproduction of centrosomes: nuclear versus cytoplasmic controls.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sluder,
Experimental separation of pronuclei in fertilized sea urchin eggs: chromosomes do not organize a spindle in the absence of centrosomes.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Spencer,
Centromere DNA mutations induce a mitotic delay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1992,
Pubmed
Wendell,
Mitotic block in HeLa cells by vinblastine: ultrastructural changes in kinetochore-microtubule attachment and in centrosomes.
1993,
Pubmed
Wright,
Roles of kinesin and kinesin-like proteins in sea urchin embryonic cell division: evaluation using antibody microinjection.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yen,
CENP-E, a novel human centromere-associated protein required for progression from metaphase to anaphase.
1991,
Pubmed
Yen,
CENP-E is a putative kinetochore motor that accumulates just before mitosis.
1992,
Pubmed
Zieve,
Production of large numbers of mitotic mammalian cells by use of the reversible microtubule inhibitor nocodazole. Nocodazole accumulated mitotic cells.
1980,
Pubmed
Zirkle,
Ultraviolet-microbeam irradiation of newt-cell cytoplasm: spindle destruction, false anaphase, and delay of true anaphase.
1970,
Pubmed
