ECB-ART-49280
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
2021 Mar 01;11:619081. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.619081.
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Planarians (Platyhelminthes)-An Emerging Model Organism for Investigating Innate Immune Mechanisms.
Kangale LJ
,
Raoult D
,
Fournier PE
,
Abnave P
,
Ghigo E
.
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An organism responds to the invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi by engaging innate and adaptive immune system, which functions by activating various signal transduction pathways. As invertebrate organisms (such as sponges, worms, cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, and echinoderms) are devoid of an adaptive immune system, and their defense mechanisms solely rely on innate immune system components. Investigating the immune response in such organisms helps to elucidate the immune mechanisms that vertebrates have inherited or evolved from invertebrates. Planarians are non-parasitic invertebrates from the phylum Platyhelminthes and are being investigated for several decades for understanding the whole-body regeneration process. However, recent findings have emerged planarians as a useful model for studying innate immunity as they are resistant to a broad spectrum of bacteria. This review intends to highlight the research findings on various antimicrobial resistance genes, signaling pathways involved in innate immune recognition, immune-related memory and immune cells in planarian flatworms.
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Figure 1. Number of publications related to the scientific field planarians (PubMed database). (A) number of publications related to planarian using the keywords planarians (black line); planarians and regeneration (blue line); planarians and immunity (red line). (B) number of publications related to the immunity in model organisms using the keywords Drosophila melanogaster and immunity (black line); Caenorhabditis elegans and immunity (blue line); planarians and immunity (red line). |
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