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Nat Commun
2021 Mar 19;121:1776. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21958-y.
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Sea urchin-like microstructure pressure sensors with an ultra-broad range and high sensitivity.
Wang XM
,
Tao LQ
,
Yuan M
,
Wang ZP
,
Yu J
,
Xie D
,
Luo F
,
Chen X
,
Wong C
.
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Sensitivity and pressure range are two significant parameters of pressure sensors. Existing pressure sensors have difficulty achieving both high sensitivity and a wide pressure range. Therefore, we propose a new pressure sensor with a ternary nanocomposite Fe2O3/C@SnO2. The sea urchin-like Fe2O3 structure promotes signal transduction and protects Fe2O3 needles from mechanical breaking, while the acetylene carbon black improves the conductivity of Fe2O3. Moreover, one part of the SnO2 nanoparticles adheres to the surfaces of Fe2O3 needles and forms Fe2O3/SnO2 heterostructures, while its other part disperses into the carbon layer to form SnO2@C structure. Collectively, the synergistic effects of the three structures (Fe2O3/C, Fe2O3/SnO2 and SnO2@C) improves on the limited pressure response range of a single structure. The experimental results demonstrate that the Fe2O3/C@SnO2 pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (680 kPa-1), fast response (10 ms), broad range (up to 150 kPa), and good reproducibility (over 3500 cycles under a pressure of 110 kPa), implying that the new pressure sensor has wide application prospects especially in wearable electronic devices and health monitoring.
Fig. 1. Preparation diagram and sensor images.a Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the pressure sensor. b Images of the pressure sensor encapsulated with a copper tape.
Fig. 2. Fe2O3, SnO2, Fe2O3/C (3:1), and Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4) microparticles structure and morphology.a The XRD patterns of acetylene carbon black, Fe2O3, SnO2, Fe2O3/C (3:1) and Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4). SEM images of b Fe2O3, c Fe2O3/C (3:1), and d Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4), TEM images of e Fe2O3, f Fe2O3/C (3:1), and g Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4), elemental mapping of h Fe2O3/C (3:1), and i Fe2O3/C@SnO2(3:1:4).
Fig. 3. XPS spectrum.a The XPS of Fe2O3, Fe2O3/C (the mass ratio of 3:1), Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (the mass ratio of 3:1:4), b high-resolution curves of c Fe, Sn, and d C.
Fig. 4. Pressure-sensing characterizations.a The sensitivity of Fe2O3, Fe2O3/C with the mass of ratio of (3:1), and Fe2O3/C@SnO2 with the mass of ratio of 3:1:4 based sensors. b Response time of Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4) pressure sensor. c Detection of low pressure: current curve of the proposed Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4) pressure sensor pressed by paper and rice grain. d The current response due to increased pressures under loading and unloading. e Stability performance of the Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4) pressure sensor with loading-unloading of more than 3500 cycles.
Fig. 5. Extremely high-sensing resolution of the Fe2O3/C@SnO2 pressure sensor.Detection of micro pressure under loading pressures of a 1.5 kPa, b 10 kPa, and c 50 kPa. d Experimental setup of a car with a Fe2O3/C@SnO2 (3:1:4) pressure sensor attached under a front tire. e Current signals corresponding to an unloaded, loaded, and unloaded 4 kg carton of milk on the driving seat of the car. f Current signals corresponding to a 73 kg male passenger getting into and out of the car.
Fig. 6. Wearable demonstration.a The current response caused by the arterial pulse waves with the sensor attached to the wrist. b The recorded current signal versus time pronouncing. Finally, c the signal variations of relative current corresponding to different occlusion, d human palm, e finger motion, and f walking.
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