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Saudi J Biol Sci
2021 May 01;285:2747-2754. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.042.
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Assessing the diversity of bacterial communities from marine sponges and their bioactive compounds.
Bibi F
,
Naseer MI
,
Azhar EI
.
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Symbiotic bacteria play vital roles in the survival and health of marine sponges. Sponges harbor rich, diverse and species-specific microbial communities. Symbiotic marine bacteria have increasingly been reported as promising source of bioactive compounds. A culturomics-based study was undertaken to study the diversity of bacteria from marine sponges and their antimicrobial potential. We have collected three sponge samples i.e. Acanthaster carteri, Rhytisma fulvum (soft coral) and Haliclona caerulea from north region (Obhur) of Red Sea, Jeddah Saudi Arabia. Total of 144 bacterial strains were isolated from three marine sponges using culture dependent method. Screening of isolated strains showed only 37 (26%) isolates as antagonists against oomycetes pathogens (P. ultimum and P. capsici). Among 37 antagonistic bacteria, only 19 bacterial strains exhibited antibacterial activity against human pathogens (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212). Four major classes of bacteria i.e γ-Proteobacteria, α-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were recorded from three marine sponges where γ-Proteobacteria was dominant class. One potential bacterial strain Halomonas sp. EA423 was selected for identification of bioactive metabolites using GC and LC-MS analyses. Bioactive compounds Sulfamerazine, Metronidazole-OH and Ibuprofen are detected from culture extract of strain Halomonas sp. EA423. Overall, this study gives insight into composition and diversity of antagonistic bacterial community of marine sponges and coral from Red Sea and presence of active metabolites from potential strain. Our results showed that these diverse and potential bacterial communities further need to be studied to exploit their biotechnological significance.
Fig. 1. Samples of three marine sponges, (a) Acanthaster carteri (b) Rhytisma fulvum, and (c) Haliclona caerulea collected from Red sea.
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic distribution of bacteria isolated from marine sponges and coral (a) Acanthaster carteri (b) Rhytisma fulvum, (c) Haliclona caerulea on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of bacterial isolates and closely related sequences of the type strains of other species. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred from the 16S rRNA gene by using the neighbor-joining method from distances computed with the Jukes-Cantor algorithm. Bootstrap values (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. GenBank accession numbers for each sequence are shown in parentheses. Bar, 0.01 accumulated changes per nucleotide.
Fig. 3. Bioactive secondary metabolites detection in culture extract of strain Halomonas sp. EA423 detected by LC/MS analysis. (a) Positive mode and (b) negative mode LC/MS analysis.
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