Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Figure 1. A schematic diagram showing how exposure time was varied throughout the toxicity tests described for the copepod Acartia sinjiensis, the sea urchin Heliocidaris tuberculata, and the fish Seriola lalandi to produced water and condensate and crude oil water‐accommodated fractions. Organisms were exposed to either control or treatment conditions for 2, 4 to 6, or 12 to 24 h and then transferred to filtered seawater. For comparison, a parallel treatment was run concurrently where the organisms were not transferred to new media during the assay. FSW = filtered seawater.
Figure 2. Effect of test duration on mobility of the marine adult copepod (Acartia sinjiensis) when exposed to condensate water‐accommodated fraction (WAF; A), crude oil WAF (B), and produced water (C) as measured by total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) for 2, 4 to 5, or 48 h (continuous). Means and 1 standard deviation (n = 4) are plotted; for graphical representation on the log scale, controls were set to 0.05 µg TPAH/L. Exposure times for produced water and crude oil WAFs were 5 h, and condensate WAF exposure was 4 h; but they are grouped together for ease of comparison in Figure 2 as 4 to 5 h. * Indicates statistically significant difference in effect at TPAH concentration between the short‐term (2‐ or 4‐ to 5‐h) and the continuous exposures.
Figure 3. Effect of test duration on normal larval development of the sea urchin (Heliocidaris tuberculata) when exposed to condensate water‐accommodated fraction (WAF; A), crude oil WAF (B), and produced water (C) as measured by total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAH) for 2 or 72 h (continuous). Means and 1 standard deviation (n = 4) are plotted; for graphical representation on the log scale, controls were set to 0.05 µg TPAH/L. *Indicates statistically significant difference in effect at TPAH concentration between the short‐term (2‐h) and the continuous exposures.
Figure 4. Effect of exposure duration on frequency of pericardial edema (A–C) and spinal curvature (D–F) of embryonic fish (Seriola lalandi) when exposed to condensate water‐accommodated fraction (WAF; A,D), crude oil WAF (B,E), and produced water (C,F) as measured by total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (TPAHs) for 2, 6 to 12, 24, or 48 h (continuous). Means and 1 standard deviation (n = 5) are plotted; for graphical representation on the log scale, controls were set to 0.05 µg TPAH/L. Exposure times for produced water and condensate WAFs were 6 h, and crude oil WAF exposure was 12 h; but they are grouped together for ease of comparison in Figure 4 as 6 to 12 h.
Angel,
The use of time-averaged concentrations of metals to predict the toxicity of pulsed complex effluent exposures to a freshwater alga.
2018, Pubmed
Angel,
The use of time-averaged concentrations of metals to predict the toxicity of pulsed complex effluent exposures to a freshwater alga.
2018,
Pubmed
Bejarano,
Issues and challenges with oil toxicity data and implications for their use in decision making: a quantitative review.
2014,
Pubmed
Bejarano,
The Chemical Aquatic Fate and Effects database (CAFE), a tool that supports assessments of chemical spills in aquatic environments.
2016,
Pubmed
Bejarano,
Effectiveness and potential ecological effects of offshore surface dispersant use during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: a retrospective analysis of monitoring data.
2013,
Pubmed
Brette,
Crude oil impairs cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in fish.
2014,
Pubmed
Brooks,
Water column monitoring of the biological effects of produced water from the Ekofisk offshore oil installation from 2006 to 2009.
2011,
Pubmed
Doyle,
Assessment of metal toxicity in sediment pore water from Lake Macquarie, Australia.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Esbaugh,
The effects of weathering and chemical dispersion on Deepwater Horizon crude oil toxicity to mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) early life stages.
2016,
Pubmed
Escher,
Toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) for baseline toxicity and specific modes of action as a tool to improve interpretation of ecotoxicity testing of environmental samples.
2008,
Pubmed
Forth,
Characterization of oil and water accommodated fractions used to conduct aquatic toxicity testing in support of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill natural resource damage assessment.
2017,
Pubmed
French-McCay,
Development and application of an oil toxicity and exposure model, OilToxEx.
2002,
Pubmed
Gissi,
Acute toxicity testing with the tropical marine copepod Acartia sinjiensis: optimisation and application.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gordon,
Review of toxicological effects caused by episodic stressor exposure.
2012,
Pubmed
Greer,
Toxicity of crude oil chemically dispersed in a wave tank to embryos of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus).
2012,
Pubmed
Hansen,
Acute toxicity of naturally and chemically dispersed oil on the filter-feeding copepod Calanus finmarchicus.
2012,
Pubmed
Hodson,
Oil toxicity test methods must be improved.
2019,
Pubmed
Incardona,
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-independent toxicity of weathered crude oil during fish development.
2005,
Pubmed
Incardona,
Deepwater Horizon crude oil impacts the developing hearts of large predatory pelagic fish.
2014,
Pubmed
Johansen,
Sustained impairment of respiratory function and swim performance following acute oil exposure in a coastal marine fish.
2017,
Pubmed
Kipka,
Technical basis for polar and nonpolar narcotic chemicals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon criteria. III. A polyparameter model for target lipid partitioning.
2009,
Pubmed
Lee,
Lab tests on the biodegradation of chemically dispersed oil should consider the rapid dilution that occurs at sea.
2013,
Pubmed
McGrath,
Validation of the target lipid model for toxicity assessment of residual petroleum constituents: monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
2009,
Pubmed
McGrath,
Re-evaluation of target lipid model-derived HC5 predictions for hydrocarbons.
2018,
Pubmed
Meador,
Characterizing Crude Oil Toxicity to Early-Life Stage Fish Based On a Complex Mixture: Are We Making Unsupported Assumptions?
2019,
Pubmed
Meier,
Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish.
2010,
Pubmed
Negri,
Acute ecotoxicology of natural oil and gas condensate to coral reef larvae.
2016,
Pubmed
Negri,
Comparative toxicity of five dispersants to coral larvae.
2018,
Pubmed
Nordborg,
Phototoxic effects of two common marine fuels on the settlement success of the coral Acropora tenuis.
2018,
Pubmed
Redman,
PETROTOX: an aquatic toxicity model for petroleum substances.
2012,
Pubmed
Redman,
Guidance for improving comparability and relevance of oil toxicity tests.
2015,
Pubmed
Redman,
A re-evaluation of PETROTOX for predicting acute and chronic toxicity of petroleum substances.
2017,
Pubmed
Rial,
Effects of simulated weathering on the toxicity of selected crude oils and their components to sea urchin embryos.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ritz,
Dose-Response Analysis Using R.
2015,
Pubmed
Saco-Alvarez,
Toxicity and phototoxicity of water-accommodated fraction obtained from Prestige fuel oil and Marine fuel oil evaluated by marine bioassays.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sweet,
Photo-induced toxicity following exposure to crude oil and ultraviolet radiation in 2 Australian fishes.
2018,
Pubmed
Veith,
Rules for distinguishing toxicants that cause type I and type II narcosis syndromes.
1990,
Pubmed
Whyte,
Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure.
2000,
Pubmed