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Mycobiology
2021 Aug 09;494:385-395. doi: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1948175.
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Fungal Community Analyses of Endophytic Fungi from Two Oak Species, Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata, in Korea.
Nguyen MH
,
Shin KC
,
Lee JK
.
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Fungal endophytes have been recorded in various plant species with a richness of diversity, and their presence plays an essential role in host plant protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study applied the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform based on the amplification of fungal ribosomal ITS2 region to analyze fungal endophytic communities of two oak species (Quercus mongolica and Q. serrata) with different oak wilt disease susceptibilities in Korea. The results showed a total of 230,768 sequencing reads were obtained and clustered at a 97% similarity threshold into 709 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTUs of Q. serrata were higher than that of Q. mongolica with the number of 617 OTUs and 512 OTUs, respectively. Shannon index also showed that Q. serrata had a significantly higher level of fungal diversity than Q. mongolica. Total of OTUs were assigned into 5 fungal phyla, 17 classes, 60 orders, 133 families, 195 genera, and 280 species. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum with 75.11% relative abundance, followed by Basidiomycota with 5.28%. Leptosillia, Aureobasidium and Acanthostigma were the most abundant genera detected in Q. serrata with the average relative abundance of 2.85, 2.76, and 2.19%, respectively. On the other hand, Peltaster, Cladosporium and Monochaetia were the most common genera detected in Q. mongolica with the average relative abundance of 4.83, 3.03, and 2.87%, respectively. Our results indicated that fungal endophytic communities were significantly different between two oak species and these differences could influence responses of host trees to oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae.
Figure 1. Venn diagram showing the number of fungal OTUs overlapped and nonoverlapped from Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata.
Figure 2. Rarefaction curves described for observed OTUs metric (left) and chao1 metric (right) among all 12 samples (QS: Quercus serrata; QM: Quercus mongolica).
Figure 3. Fungal community richness (A) and diversity; (B) in Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata described by boxplot. *Indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) by two sample t-test.
Figure 4. Relative abundance of endophytic fungi at the phylum (A) and class level; (B) in 12 different tissue samples between Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata.
Figure 5. Relative abundance of different fungal genera in various plant tissues between Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata. The fungi with a relative abundance below 1% were grouped into others.
Figure 6. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) based on the weighted UniFrac distances for fungal communities from plant tissues of two oak species (Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata) indicating two distinct groups in the stem tissues between two oak species using two principal coordinates (PC1 and PC2).
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