Poompiew N et al. (2021), Controllable Morphology of Sea-Urchin-like Nick...

ECB-ART-48921

ACS Omega 2021 Sep 24;639:25138-25150. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02139.

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Controllable Morphology of Sea-Urchin-like Nickel-Cobalt Carbonate Hydroxide as a Supercapacitor Electrode with Battery-like Behavior.

Poompiew N , Pattananuwat P , Potiyaraj P .

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Nickel-cobalt carbonate hydroxide with a three-dimensional (3D) sea-urchin-like structure was successfully developed by the hydrothermal process. The obtained structure enables the enhancement of charge/ion diffusion for the high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. The mole ratio of nickel to cobalt plays a vital role in the densely packed sea-urchin-like structure formation and electrochemical properties. At optimized nickel/cobalt mole ratio (1:2), the highest specific capacitance of 950.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and the excellent cycling stability of 178.3% after 3000 charging/discharging cycles at 40 mV s-1 are achieved. This nickel-cobalt carbonate hydroxide electrode yields an energy density in the range of 42.9-15.8 Wh kg-1, with power density in the range of 285.0-2849.9 W kg-1. The charge/discharge mechanism at the atomic level as monitored by time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS) indicates that the high capacitance behavior in a nickel-cobalt carbonate hydroxide is mainly dominated by cobalt carbonate hydroxide.

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Chang, Template-free approach to synthesize hierarchical porous nickel cobalt oxides for supercapacitors. 2012, Pubmed

	Figure 1. Representative SEM micrographs of (a) pure Ni, (b) pure Co, (c) NiCo2/1, (d) NiCo1/1, and (e) NiCo1/2 scale at 1 μm and (f) elemental mapping of NiCo1/2 sample for (f-i) nickel, (f-ii) cobalt, (f-iii) oxygen, and (f-iv) carbon element.
	Figure 2. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and pore size distribution of the different ratios of nickel–cobalt carbonate hydroxide.
	Figure 3. XRD pattern of pure Ni, pure Co, NiCo2/1, NiCo1/1, NiCo1/2, and PDF standard pattern.
	Figure 4. XPS spectrum of (a) elemental survey, (b) Ni 2p, (c) Co 2p, (d) O 1s, and (e) C 1s of NiCo1/2 sample.
	Figure 5. XPS spectra of (a) NiCo2/1, (b) NiCo1/1, and (c) NiCo1/2 for N 2p and (d) NiCo2/1, (e) NiCo1/1, and (f) NiCo1/2 for C 2p.
	Figure 6. (a) CV curves of different nickel/cobalt ratios at a scan rate of 10 mV s–1, (b) specific capacitance as a function of scan rate from 10 to 100 mV s–1, (c) galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) result of different nickel/cobalt ratios at the current density of 1 A g–1, and (d) specific capacitance as a function of current density from 1 to 10 A g–1.
	Figure 7. (a) CV curves of NiCo1/2 electrode at different scan rates from 10 to 60 mV s–1, (b) the corresponding plots between log (current peak) and log (scan rate) at oxidation and reduction peaks, (c) capacitive and ionic diffusion contributions of NiCo1/2 at different scan rates, and (d) comparative CV curve of the capacitive contribution in the NiCo1/2 electrode at 10 mV s–1 scan rate.
	Figure 8. (a) Nyquist plots at a frequency range of 0.01–10 000 Hz of different Ni–Co carbonate hydroxides, (b) percent retention of different Ni/Co ratios as a function of cycle number at a scan rate 40 mV s–1, (c) cyclic voltammograms of NiCo1/2 after 3000 cycles, and (d) ragone plots of NiCo1/2 and recent research for comparison.
	Figure 9. Comparison of XANES data of different Ni/Co ratios with element standard: (a) nickel part and (b) cobalt part.
	Figure 10. (a) Schematic of XANES collecting point on cyclic voltammetry curve at 1 mV s–1 and the experimental cell of TR-XAS measuring; comparison of in situ XANES collected of NiCo1/2 on CV measuring. full cycle in (b) Co and (c) Ni part. (d) Charge and (e) discharge of Co part. (f) Charge and (g) discharge of Ni part.