Borrero-Pérez GH and Vanegas-González MJ (2019), Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp....

ECB-ART-48743

Zookeys 2019 Dec 02;893:1-19. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.893.36013.

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Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. (Holothuriida, Holothuriidae), a new sea cucumber from the Eastern Pacific Ocean revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding.

Borrero-Pérez GH , Vanegas-González MJ .

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Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantiasp. nov. is described based on specimens from rocky reefs of northern Chocó in the Colombian Pacific Ocean; however, it also occurs along the Eastern Pacific Ocean from Mexico and Panama. Although specimens from Mexico and Panama were previously identified as Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla Lesson, 1830 the new species is easily distinguished morphologically and via mtDNA. In terms of morphology, the species can be identified by its olive-green background and white-orange papillae and tentacles, larger tentacles with deep indentations and also by larger buttons on the dorsal and ventral body wall, papillae and tube feet; large, thick and rough tentacle rods, and the absence of ossicles in the longitudinal muscles. The new species is included in the subgenus Mertensiothuria considering molecular evidence.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC105444658 LOC115925415

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	Figure 1. Maps showing the geographic distribution of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. A, B Detailed distribution in Chocó, Colombia; the triangle indicates the only locality were H. (Mertensiothuria) hilla specimens were collected C Wider distribution of H. (M.) viridiaurantia sp. nov. showing other localities from Panama and Mexico where the species have been identified through photographs, and the locality in India from where the GenBank sequence KP780302 originated. Colombian localities are represented by exact coordinates, and all other localities were derived from specific localities mentioned in the literature.
	Figure 2. Type specimens of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. (A–F) and comparative material of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla (G–J). A Dorsal and ventral view of the alive holotype of H. (M.) viridiaurantia sp. nov. from Gulf of Cupica, Northern Chocó, Colombia (INV EQU4309, L = 70 mm) B calcareous ring and C stone canal and madreporite of the Holotype D detail of the preserved holotype tentacles E paratype from Cabo Marzo; Northern Chocó, Colombia (INV EQU4234, L = 35 mm) F smallest paratype from Gulf of Tribugá, Northern Chocó, Colombia (INV EQU4312, L = 25 mm) G, H alive specimen of H. (M.) hilla from Cabo Marzo, Northern Chocó, Colombia, and detail of tentacles in the preserved specimen (INV EQU4310, L = 100 mm) I, J preserved specimen of H. (M.) hilla, same locality as G, H and detail of tentacles (INV EQU4311, L = 65 mm). Scale bars: 2 mm (B, C); 1 cm (E, F, I).
	Figure 3. Ossicle comparison between Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. and Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla. A Holotype of H. (M.) viridiaurantia sp. nov. (INV EQU4309, L = 70 mm) BH. (M.) hilla (INV EQU4311, L = 65 mm); showing ossicle set from dorsal body wall (tables, buttons) and ventral body wall (tables, buttons); grey squares indicated in the images are presented enlarged below each image. Scale bar: 100 µm.
	Figure 4. Ossicles comparison between Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. and Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla. A Holotype of H. (M.) viridiaurantia sp. nov.(INV EQU4309, L = 70 mm BH. (M.) hilla (INV EQU4311, L = 65 mm); showing ossicle set from dorsal papillae (tables, buttons, rods), dorsal papillae tip (showing the plate and small rods at the tip) and tube feet (tables, buttons and supporting plates); grey squares indicated in some images are presented enlarged below each image. Scale bar: 100 µm.
	Figure 5. Ossicles comparison between Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. and Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) hilla. A Holotype of H. (M.) viridiaurantia sp. nov. (INV EQU4309, L = 70 mm) BH. (M.) hilla (INV EQU4311, L = 65 mm); showing end plates from tube feet and ossicle set from tentacles (large and small rods) and longitudinal muscles (C's and O's ossicles). Scale bars: 100 µm (except A upper).
	Figure 6. Ossicles of the juvenile paratype of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. (INV EQU4312, L = 25 mm). A Dorsal body wall (tables, buttons) B ventral body wall (tables, buttons) C dorsal papillae (tables, buttons, rods) D tube feet (tables, buttons, supporting plates) E tube feet (end plate) F tentacles (large and thick rods, small rods). Scale bars: 100 µm.
	Figure 7. Bayesian inference tree of mitochondrial genes of the specimens analysed for the present study. ACOIB 16S. The numbers on the nodes indicate Neighbour Joining (bootstrap %) / Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap %) / Bayesian posterior probability. Hyphen (-) indicates nodes not supported in some trees. Sequences from Colombia obtained in this study include the catalogue number at the MHNMC - INVEMAR (INV EQU); GenBank ascension number is included for the other sequences (see Table 1).

References [+] :

Hoareau, Design of phylum-specific hybrid primers for DNA barcoding: addressing the need for efficient COI amplification in the Echinodermata. 2010, Pubmed, Echinobase