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AMB Express
2019 Aug 19;91:130. doi: 10.1186/s13568-019-0850-1.
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Enzymatic potential and biosurfactant production by endophytic fungi from mangrove forest in Southeastern Brazil.
Martinho V
,
Dos Santos Lima LM
,
Barros CA
,
Ferrari VB
,
Passarini MRZ
,
Santos LA
,
de Souza Sebastianes FL
,
Lacava PT
,
de Vasconcellos SP
.
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Microbial activity is the main route for cycling mangrove nutrients. In general, microorganisms have abilities to degrade lignocellulosic compounds. Among the biotechnological potential of the microbiota from mangroves, it is noteworthy about endophytic fungi, which can be considered as effective sources of different bioactive compounds. In this sense, thirty (30) endophytic fungi were isolated from mangrove forest sampling Cananeia, SP, Brazil. These microorganisms were analyzed about their enzymatic activities including: lignin peroxidase EC 1.11.1.14, manganese peroxidase EC 1.11.1.13 and laccase EC 1.10.3.2, as well endo-cellulase EC 3.2.1.4 and endo-xylanase EC 3.2.1.8. Besides that, production of bioactive secondary metabolites like biosurfactant and/or bioemulsifier was also investigated. As results, nineteen (19) isolates were selected about their ligninolytic abilities, nine (9) of them about cellulase activity and thirteen (13) showed xylanase abilities. The fungal isolate named as 3(3), characterized as Fusarium sambucinum, showed a prominent lignin peroxidase (42.4 U L-1) and manganese peroxidase (23.6 U L-1) activities. The isolate 63.1, also related to Fusarium sp. genera, was selected about its laccase activity (41.5 U L-1). From all the investigated fungi, the isolate 47(4) Trichoderma camerunense was selected about its cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, showing 45.23 and 26.09 U mL-1, respectively. The same fungi also showed biosurfactant ability demonstrated by superficial tension decreasing to 38 mN/m. In addition, fifteen (15) fungi exhibited bioemulsifier activity, with E24 values up to 62.8%.
2004/13910-6 Foundation of Amparo Research the State of São Paulo - FAPESP, 2010/51992-5 Foundation of Amparo Research the State of São Paulo - FAPESP, 2016/23685-7 Foundation of Amparo Research the State of São Paulo - FAPESP
Fig. 1. Illustrative image of a positive hit cultured in guaiacol agar (BKG). The arrows show the color change of the medium (yellow to brown), which indicates the oxidation of guaiacol by the action of the ligninolytic enzymes produced by the isolated. It is the result of 16.1—Fusarium sp.
Fig. 2. Ligninolytic activity of lignin peroxidase (LiP; EC 1.11.1.14), manganese peroxidase (MnP; EC 1.11.1.13) and laccase (Lac; EC 1.10.3.2) assays, values in U L−1. Results about the fungi selected positive in qualitative screening with guaiacol used like the substrate. Lac assays of isolates 9(4) and 3(3) unrealized. The data represent the means and standard errors of three measurements
Fig. 3. Relative activity of strain 3(3)—Fusarium sambucinum about its ligninolytic activities in pH range to 2.0–9.0 and three (3) temperatures (22, 37 and 45 °C) for stablish optimal conditions. a Lignin peroxidase (LiP) using veratryl alcohol like substrate and b manganese peroxidase (MnP) with phenol red was used as substrate these analyses. The data represent the means and standard errors of three measurements
Fig. 4. Endo-cellulases (endo-1,4-β-d-glucanase; EC 3.2.1.4) and endo-xilanases (endo-1,4-beta-xylanase; EC 3.2.1.8) activities, expressed in U mL−1, of positive fungi for commercial kits AZO-CM-Cellulose and AZO-XYLAN–BIRCHWOOD (Megazyme® International, Bray, Ireland), respectively. Positive control performed according to the manufacturer’s specifications, using a strain of Trichoderma reesei—RUT C30. The data represent the means and standard errors of three measurements
Fig. 5. Emulsification Index (E24) for three apolar compounds (soybean oil, automotive engine oil and hexane 85%) for the fifteen (15) strains selected in the initial qualitative screening to the detection of potential production of metabolites with biosurfactant and bioemulsifier abilities and its controls, negative (Ctr−) and positive (Ctr+). The data represent the means and standard errors of three measurements
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