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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2019 Mar 19;11612:5607-5612. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1816973116.
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Evolution of nitric oxide regulation of gut function.
Yaguchi J
,
Yaguchi S
.
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Although morphologies are diverse, the common pattern in bilaterians is for passage of food in the gut to be controlled by nerves and endodermally derived neuron-like cells. In vertebrates, nitric oxide (NO) derived from enteric nerves controls relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. Here, we show that in the larvae of sea urchins, there are endoderm-derived neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive cells expressing pan-neural marker, Synaptotagmin-B (SynB), in sphincters and that NO regulates the relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. Our results indicate that NO-dependent pylorus regulation is a shared feature within the deuterostomes, and we speculate that it was a characteristic of stem deuterostomes.
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