Zhang L et al. (2017), Effects of long-term elevated temperature on co...

ECB-ART-45380

PeerJ 2017 Jan 01;5:e3122. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3122.

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Effects of long-term elevated temperature on covering, sheltering and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

Zhang L , Zhang L , Shi D , Wei J , Chang Y , Zhao C .

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Increases in ocean temperature due to climate change are predicted to change the behaviors of marine invertebrates. Altered behaviors of keystone ecosystem engineers such as echinoderms will have consequences for the fitness of individuals, which are expected to flow on to the local ecosystem. Relatively few studies have investigated the behavioral responses of echinoderms to long-term elevated temperature. We investigated the effects of exposure to long-term (∼31 weeks) elevated temperature (∼3 °C above the ambient water temperature) on covering, sheltering and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Long-term elevated temperature showed different effects on the three behaviors. It significantly decreased covering behavior, including both covering behavior reaction (time to first covering) and ability (number of covered sea urchins and number of shells used for covering). Conversely, exposure to long-term elevated temperature significantly increased sheltering behavior. Righting response in S. intermedius was not significantly different between temperature treatments. The results provide new information into behavioral responses of echinoderms to ocean warming.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC100893907

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References [+] :

Brothers, Sea urchins in a high-CO2 world: the influence of acclimation on the immune response to ocean warming and acidification. 2016, Pubmed, Echinobase

	Figure 1. Water temperatures of groups L (laboratory temperature) and H (high temperature) during the experiment from July 8, 2015 to February 1, 2016.The designation was mainly based on the temperature of laboratory water, given the upper limits of 20 ± 0.5 °C and 23 ± 0.5 °C for groups L and H, respectively.
	Figure 2. Diagram of the system used for testing sheltering behavior of Strongylocentrotus intermedius.The red line refers to the boundary lines between the lighted area and shaded areas. The letter “l” refers to the length of the tank.


	Figure 5. Righting time of Strongylocentrotus intermedius in the different experimental groups (mean ± SD).N = 33 for group L and N = 37 for group H. L and H refer to laboratory and high temperature groups, respectively.