Materials (Basel) 2022 Nov 10;1522:. doi: 10.3390/ma15227954.

Supportless Lattice Structure for Additive Manufacturing of Functional Products and the Evaluation of Its Mechanical Property at Variable Strain Rates.

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This study proposes an innovative design solution based on the design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) and post-process for manufacturing industrial-grade products by reducing additive manufacturing (AM) time and improving production agility. The design of the supportless open cell Sea Urchin lattice structure is analyzed using DfAM for material extrusion (MEX) process to print support free in any direction. The open cell is converted into a global closed cell to entrap secondary foam material. The lattice structure is 3D printed with Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) material and is filled with foam using the Hybrid MEX process. Foam-filling improves the lattice structure's energy absorption and crash force efficiency when tested at different strain rates. An industrial case study demonstrates the importance and application of this lightweight and tough design to meet the challenging current and future mass customization market. A consumer-based industrial scenario is chosen wherein an innovative 3D-printed universal puck accommodates different shapes of products across the supply line. The pucks are prone to collisions on the supply line, generating shock loads and hazardous noise. The results show that support-free global closed-cell lattice structures filled with foam improve energy absorption at a high strain rate and enhance the functional requirement of noise reduction during the collision.

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