Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Sci Rep
2022 Dec 10;121:21408. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26059-4.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Trioecy is maintained as a time-stable mating system in the pink sea urchin Toxopneustes roseus from the Mexican Pacific.
Díaz-Martínez JP
,
Mejía-Gutiérrez LM
,
Islas-Villanueva V
,
Benítez-Villalobos F
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Trioecy is a sexual system that consists of the co-occurrence of females, males and hermaphrodites in a population and is common in plants; however, in animals it is uncommon and poorly understood. In echinoderms, trioecy had never been recorded until now. Frequencies of females, males, and hermaphrodites were evaluated and gametogenic development was histologically characterized in a population of Toxopneustes roseus inhabiting the Mexican Pacific. Trioecy in this population is functional and temporally stable, since the three sexes coexisted in each sampling month. The hermaphrodites presented similar gametogenic development as the females and males and participated during the spawning season, contributing to the population's reproductive process. Trioecy is considered an evolutionarily transitory state, and it is extremely difficult to explain its presence in a species. We hypothesize that continuous ocean warming represents a threat to the survival of this population of T. roseus, since its early developmental stages, which represent a population bottleneck, are more vulnerable to high temperatures than other sea urchins inhabiting the area, while its population density is significantly lower. These conditions generate a strongly stressed environment, which is the determining factor that maintains the stability of trioecy in the species in which it has been studied.
Adams,
Sexual morph specialisation in a trioecious nematode balances opposing selective forces.
2022, Pubmed
Adams,
Sexual morph specialisation in a trioecious nematode balances opposing selective forces.
2022,
Pubmed
Albert,
Sex expression and reproductive biology in a tree species, Fraxinus excelsior L.
2013,
Pubmed
Allsop,
Sex-ratio evolution in sex changing animals.
2004,
Pubmed
Anderson,
Environmental stress maintains trioecy in nematode worms.
2020,
Pubmed
Armoza-Zvuloni,
Trioecy, a unique breeding strategy in the sea anemone Aiptasia diaphana and its association with sex steroids.
2014,
Pubmed
Avise,
Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes.
2009,
Pubmed
Bandaranayake,
The nature and role of pigments of marine invertebrates.
2006,
Pubmed
Charlesworth,
Evolution of plant breeding systems.
2006,
Pubmed
Chaudhuri,
Regulation of sexual plasticity in a nematode that produces males, females, and hermaphrodites.
2011,
Pubmed
Chaudhuri,
Mating dynamics in a nematode with three sexes and its evolutionary implications.
2015,
Pubmed
Chelo,
Partial Selfing Can Reduce Genetic Loads While Maintaining Diversity During Experimental Evolution.
2019,
Pubmed
Eaves,
Reproduction: widespread cloning in echinoderm larvae.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Eppley,
Moving to mate: the evolution of separate and combined sexes in multicellular organisms.
2008,
Pubmed
Ford,
Intersexuality in crustaceans: genetic, individual and population level effects.
2008,
Pubmed
Félix,
Alternative morphs and plasticity of vulval development in a rhabditid nematode species.
2004,
Pubmed
Ghiselin,
The evolution of hermaphroditism among animals.
1969,
Pubmed
Heilbrunn,
HERMAPHRODITISM IN ARBACIA.
1929,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Jarne,
Animals mix it up too: the distribution of self-fertilization among hermaphroditic animals.
2006,
Pubmed
Kanzaki,
Description of two three-gendered nematode species in the new genus Auanema (Rhabditina) that are models for reproductive mode evolution.
2017,
Pubmed
Kanzaki,
Tokorhabditis n. gen. (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae), a comparative nematode model for extremophilic living.
2021,
Pubmed
Kikuchi,
Novel sex-determining genes in fish and sex chromosome evolution.
2013,
Pubmed
Lefebvre,
Control of cell fate and differentiation by Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors.
2007,
Pubmed
Luo,
Opposing nodal and BMP signals regulate left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin larva.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
McArthur,
ARE TRIOECY AND SEXUAL LABILITY IN ATRIPLEX CANESCENS GENETICALLY BASED?: EVIDENCE FROM CLONAL STUDIES.
1992,
Pubmed
Mejía-Gutiérrez,
Effect of temperature increase on fertilization, embryonic development and larval survival of the sea urchin Toxopneustes roseus in the Mexican south Pacific.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mongiardino Koch,
A phylogenomic resolution of the sea urchin tree of life.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Olivares,
An ovotestis event in the gonochoric sea urchin Loxechinus albus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea).
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Perry,
Two's company, three's a crowd: experimental evaluation of the evolutionary maintenance of trioecy in Mercurialis annua (Euphorbiaceae).
2012,
Pubmed
Ragsdale,
Tokorhabditis Tauri n. Sp. and T. Atripennis n. Sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), Isolated from Onthophagus Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from the Eastern USA and Japan.
2022,
Pubmed
Robles,
Parental energy-sensing pathways control intergenerational offspring sex determination in the nematode Auanema freiburgensis.
2021,
Pubmed
Sasson,
A reconstruction of sexual modes throughout animal evolution.
2017,
Pubmed
Schlesinger,
Sexual plasticity and self-fertilization in the sea anemone Aiptasia diaphana.
2010,
Pubmed
Shakes,
Asymmetric spermatocyte division as a mechanism for controlling sex ratios.
2011,
Pubmed
Shih,
Newly Identified Nematodes from Mono Lake Exhibit Extreme Arsenic Resistance.
2019,
Pubmed
Tandonnet,
Sex- and Gamete-Specific Patterns of X Chromosome Segregation in a Trioecious Nematode.
2018,
Pubmed
Wang,
Identification of sex determination locus in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus using genome-wide association study.
2022,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Weeks,
The role of androdioecy and gynodioecy in mediating evolutionary transitions between dioecy and hermaphroditism in the animalia.
2012,
Pubmed
Wei,
Direct development of neurons within foregut endoderm of sea urchin embryos.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Weiblen,
Phylogenetic Analysis of Dioecy in Monocotyledons.
2000,
Pubmed
Winter,
Cytoskeletal variations in an asymmetric cell division support diversity in nematode sperm size and sex ratios.
2017,
Pubmed
