Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Unusual Ether Lipids and Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) Viscera and Their Seasonal Variation.
Abuzaytoun R
,
Budge SM
,
Xia W
,
MacKinnon S
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, is harvested primarily for its muscular bands and body wall. Development of a nutraceutical product based on lipid recovered from its viscera would give commercial value to the entire organism; however, such development requires knowledge of the lipid and fatty acid (FA) profiles of the viscera. Here, we describe the lipid and FA composition of viscera recovered from C. frondosa harvested in coastal waters in the northwest Atlantic, taking into account variation due to harvest season. We found highest lipid content at ~29% in winter, with diacylglyceryl ethers (DAGE) comprising ~55% of the total lipid mass and triacylglycerols (TAG), phospholipids (PL) and monoacylglycerol ethers (MAGE) at 5-25% each. The branched chain FA, 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (12-MTA), represented 42% of total FA mass in DAGE. In summer, lipid content was lower at 24% and TAG was the dominate lipid, with proportions more than double that found in winter (45% vs. 20%); DAGE in summer dropped to ~30% of total lipids. In TAG, 12-MTA was much lower than found in DAGE in winter, at only 10% but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content was ~20%, which brought the total EPA% to 28% of total FA-the highest among all three seasons. There was little effect of season on MAGE or PL proportions. These data can help harvesters maximize catch efforts in terms of lipid yield and profile.
Figure 1. The approximate mass percentage of each lipid class in C. frondosa viscera extract relative to total lipids recovered from TLC plates (mean ± SD, n = 3). Values with different letters within a lipid class are significantly different (ANOVA; p < 0.05). The percentage of FFA was below detection limits. The PL proportion included a small contribution from MAG.
Figure 2. Approximate proportions of major alkyl structures in DAGE and MAGE in viscera lipids of C. frondosa.
BLIGH,
A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification.
1959, Pubmed
BLIGH,
A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification.
1959,
Pubmed
Brites,
Functions and biosynthesis of plasmalogens in health and disease.
2004,
Pubmed
Cheng,
Mammalian wax biosynthesis. I. Identification of two fatty acyl-Coenzyme A reductases with different substrate specificities and tissue distributions.
2004,
Pubmed
Dalsgaard,
Fatty acid trophic markers in the pelagic marine environment.
2003,
Pubmed
Hartvigsen,
1 -O-alkyl-2-(omega-oxo)acyl-sn-glycerols from shark oil and human milk fat are potential precursors of PAF mimics and GHB.
2006,
Pubmed
Hauff,
Quantification of branched chain fatty acids in polar and neutral lipids of cheese and fish samples.
2010,
Pubmed
Imbs,
Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the boreal soft coral Gersemia rubiformis.
2006,
Pubmed
Isay,
A study of glyceryl ethers--I. Content of alpha-glyceryl ethers in marine invertebrates from the Sea of Japan and tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean.
1976,
Pubmed
Jaffrès,
Alkyl ether lipids, ion channels and lipid raft reorganization in cancer therapy.
2016,
Pubmed
Kaneda,
Iso- and anteiso-fatty acids in bacteria: biosynthesis, function, and taxonomic significance.
1991,
Pubmed
Magnusson,
Ether lipids.
2011,
Pubmed
Martín,
In vitro intestinal bioaccessibility of alkylglycerols versus triacylglycerols as vehicles of butyric acid.
2011,
Pubmed
Ratnayake,
Novel branched-chain fatty acids in certain fish oils.
1989,
Pubmed
Smith,
Phospholipid studies of marine organisms: 14. Ether lipids of the sponge Tethya aurantia.
1987,
Pubmed
Swanson,
Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life.
2012,
Pubmed
Vaidya,
Sea cucumber and blue mussel: new sources of phospholipid enriched omega-3 fatty acids with a potential role in 3T3-L1 adipocyte metabolism.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wallace,
Enzyme promiscuity drives branched-chain fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissues.
2018,
Pubmed
Zhong,
Compositional characteristics and antioxidant properties of fresh and processed sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa).
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
