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Sci Rep
2022 Oct 28;121:13493. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17793-w.
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Transcriptomes reveal the involved genes in the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus exposed to high flow velocities.
Tian R
,
Shi D
,
Yin D
,
Hu F
,
Ding J
,
Chang Y
,
Zhao C
.
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Despite the importance of flow velocity in marine ecosystems, molecular mechanisms of the water flow induced behavioral and growth changes remain largely unknown in sea urchins. The present study compared the gene expressions of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus at high flow velocities (10 cm/s and 20 cm/s) and low flow velocity (2 cm/s) using transcriptomes. A total of 490 and 470 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered at 10 cm/s and 20 cm/s, respectively. There were 235 up-regulated and 255 down-regulated genes at 10 cm/s, 213 up-regulated and 257 down-regulated genes at 20 cm/s, compared with sea urchins at 2 cm/s. Further, there were 72 overlapped DEGs involved in regulation at both 10 cm/s and 20 cm/s. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation showed that DEGs were mainly enriched to cellular process, cell part, binding, and metabolism process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis found that DEGs were enriched in three pathways related to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. A number of genes related to growth and metabolism of sea urchins were mobilized in high flow velocity environment. We further highlighted a muscle-associated gene ankyrin-1, which is correlated with the movement of tube feet at different flow velocities. The present study provides valuable information on the molecular mechanisms of changed behaviors and growth when sea urchins are exposed to high flow velocity.
GML2019ZD0402 Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, XLYC2002107 Liaoning Province ''Xingliao Talents Plan'' project, 41506177 National Natural Science Foundation of China
Figure 1. Length distribution of unigenes (A). The summary statistics of transcriptome annotation in tube feet of Mesocentrotus
nudus (B). Gene Ontology annotation of unigenes in tube feet of M.
nudus (C). X-axis represents the terms under biological process, cellular component and molecular function. Y-axis indicates the percentage of unigenes in a specific function cluster.
Figure 2. KOG function classification (A). The horizontal axis shows the function class, while the vertical axis shows the number of matched unigenes. GO enrichment analysis (cellular component) of DEGs in Mesocentrotus
nudus at 20 cm/s compared to 10 cm/s (B).
Figure 3. Heat map of the DEGs in transcriptomes of tube feet of Mesocentrotus
nudus at different flow velocities: 10 cm/s vs 2 cm/s (A), 20 cm/s vs 2 cm/s (B) and 20 cm/s vs 10 cm/s (C). Log2FPKM is used for clustering. The red represents high-expression gene, the blue represents low-expression gene, and the red to the blue represents high-low expression.
Figure 4. Differentially expressed unigenes analysis of tube feet of Mesocentrotus
nudus at 2 cm/s, 10 cm/s and 20 cm/s (A). The horizontal axis represents the control group and vertical axis is the number of DEGs. The DEGs in different transcriptome comparisons (B).
Figure 5. qRT-PCR verification and transcriptome sequencing of DEGs (mean ± SD). *Means P < 0.05, **means P < 0.01 and ***means P < 0.001.
Figure 6. Diagram of the flow velocity experimental equipment28. After water flow enters from the inflow, it flows out from the outlet after entering the experimental area through the rectifier. The experimental area has 5 rooms (15 × 20 cm), separated by a net and a substrate simulation board at the bottom.
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