Nady N et al. (2022), Novel magnetic iron-nickel/poly(ethersulfone) m...

ECB-ART-50964

Sci Rep 2022 Aug 11;121:13675. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16979-6.

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Novel magnetic iron-nickel/poly(ethersulfone) mixed matrix membranes for oxygen separation potential without applying an external magnetic field.

Nady N , Salem N , Kandil SH .

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This work presents novel magnetic mixed matrix poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes that combine the advantages of low-cost common PES polymer and low-cost iron-nickel magnetic alloys. Moreover, the presented magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes were fabricated and used without applying an external magnetic field during either the membrane casting or the separating process. The fabricated magnetic membranes were prepared using the phase inversion technique and N-methylpyrrolidone and N,N-Dimethylformamide solvents mixture with volumetric ratio 1:9 and Lithium chloride as an additive. The used iron-nickel magnetic alloys were prepared by a simple chemical reduction method with unique morphologies (Fe10Ni90; starfish-like and Fe20Ni80; necklace-like). The fabricated membranes were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) imaging, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, static water contact angle, membrane thickness, surface roughness, membrane porosity, membrane tensile strength as well as Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) analysis and oxygen transition rate (OTR) were determined. Moreover, the effect of alloy concentration and using Lithium chloride as an additive on the properties of the fabricated blank PES and magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes were studied. The presented novel magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes have high coercivity up to 106 (emu/g) with 3.61 × 10-5 cm3/cm2·s OTR compared to non-oxygen permeable blank PES membranes. The presented novel magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes have good potential in (oxygen) gas separation.

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Ballance, Reactive oxygen species-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 2019, Pubmed

	Figure 1. The structure of poly(ethersulfone) (PES) polymer.
	Figure 2. A schematic representation of the preparation procedure of both the fillers; for example, Fe10Ni90 alloy, and the mixed matrix poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes.
	Figure 3. TEM images (0.5 µm and 100 nm bar scales) of the used iron–nickel alloys; starfish-like Fe10Ni90 (A) and necklace-like Fi20Ni80 (B). Photos of the Blank PES (C) and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes; (D) Fe10Ni90 and (E) Fi20Ni80, and Photos of the prepared epoxy blocks contained the fabricated magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes (blank PES; F, mixed matrix PES membranes; G,H). TEM images (100 nm bar scale) of the blank PES (I) and the mixed matrix PES membranes (J,K) inside the epoxy blocks.
	Figure 4. SEM images of the blank PES and mixed matrix PES membranes that were prepared using 1 NMP: 9 DMF solvents mix without (A,C,E) and with (B,D,F) 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride. The blank PES membrane (A,B), the mixed matrix PES membranes using Fe10Ni90 (C,D), and Fe20Ni80 (E,F) alloys were imaged at × 1000 and × 10,000 magnifications.
	Figure 5. SEM cross-section images of the blank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes that were prepared using 1 NMP: 9 DMF solvents mix without (A,C,E) and with (B,D,F) 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride. The blank PES membrane (A,B), the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes using Fe10Ni90 (C,D), and Fe20Ni80 (E,F) alloys were imaged at × 500 and × 2000 magnifications.
	Figure 6. SEM images of the front (A) and the back (B) of the blank PES membranes that were prepared using 1 NMP: 9 DMF solvents mix with Lithium chloride.
	Figure 7. Surface thickness (A) and membrane roughness (B) of both the blank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes as a function of membrane dope composition; wt% alloy concentration, in case of absence (black bars) and in case of using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride (white bars) in the membrane dope.
	Figure 8. The static water contact angle of the blank PES and the different magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes composition in case of without (black bars) and with (white bars) using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride in the membrane dope.
	Figure 9. Porosity (%) of the blank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes in absence (black bars) and precence (white bars) of 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride in the membrane dope using absolute ethanol (A) and distilled water (B).
	Figure 10. XRD analysis of the used magnetic iron–nickel alloys as filler, the blank PES without and with adding 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride in the membrane dope, and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes in case of using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride in the membrane dope; PES 1090 2.0% W and PES 2080 2.0% W.
	Figure 11. TGA analysis of the blank PES membrane (a) and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes (b; PES 1090 2.0% and c; PES 2080 2.0%) in case of using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride additive.
	Figure 12. TEM elemental mapping of PES 2080 2.0% W magnetic mixed matrix membrane.
	Figure 13. Ultimate tensile strength as a function of the membrane dope composition of both the blank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes without (WO) and with (W) 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride additive in the membrane dope.
	Figure 14. The M-H hysteresis loops of the bank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes (PES 1090 2.0% and PES 2080 2.0% without and with using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride additive in the membranes dopes.
	Figure 15. (A) Coerceivity (Hc; Oe) and (B) magnetization (Ms) of the used alloys (Fe10Ni90 and Fe20Ni80), the bank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes (PES 1090 2.0% and PES 2080 2.0%) without and with using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride additive in the membrane dope.
	Figure 16. Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) of the bank PES and the magnetic mixed matrix PES membranes without and with using 0.1 wt% of Lithium chloride additive in the membrane dope.
	Figure 17. Schematic Diagram illustrate the role of the gabs surrounding the alloy.