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Nanomaterials (Basel)
2022 Jan 17;122:. doi: 10.3390/nano12020285.
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Sea Urchin-like Si@MnO2@rGO as Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.
Liu J
,
Wang M
,
Wang Q
,
Zhao X
,
Song Y
,
Zhao T
,
Sun J
.
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Si is a promising material for applications as a high-capacity anode material of lithium-ion batteries. However, volume expansion, poor electrical conductivity, and a short cycle life during the charging/discharging process limit the commercial use. In this paper, new ternary composites of sea urchin-like Si@MnO2@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by a simple, low-cost chemical method are presented. These can effectively reduce the volume change of Si, extend the cycle life, and increase the lithium-ion battery capacity due to the dual protection of MnO2 and rGO. The sea urchin-like Si@MnO2@rGO anode shows a discharge specific capacity of 1282.72 mAh g-1 under a test current of 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles and excellent chemical performance at different current densities. Moreover, the volume expansion of sea urchin-like Si@MnO2@rGO anode material is ~50% after 150 cycles, which is much less than the volume expansion of Si (300%). This anode material is economical and environmentally friendly and this work made efforts to develop efficient methods to store clean energy and achieve carbon neutrality.
Figure 1. Concise preparation schematics of the Si@MnO2@ reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites.
Figure 2. (a) SEM image of the Si@MnO2-20°C composite. (b) Enlarged view of the SEM image of the Si@MnO2-20°C composite. (c) SEM image of the Si@MnO2@rGO-20°C composite. (d) SEM image of the Si@MnO2-50°C composite. (e) Enlarged view of the SEM image of the Si@MnO2-50°C composite. (f) SEM image of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C composite. (g) SEM image of the Si@MnO2-160°C composite. (h) Enlarged view of the SEM image of the Si@MnO2-160°C composite. (i) SEM image of the Si@MnO2@rGO-160°C composite.
Figure 3. (a) Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) spectra of Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C. Inset showing the respective substance of Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C. (b,c) HRTEM images of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C composite at different magnifications. (d–h) Elemental mapping of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C composite.
Figure 4. (a) X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the Si, Si@MnO2-50°C rGO, and Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C, respectively. (b–d) XPS spectra of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C.
Figure 5. (a) CV curves of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C at 0.1 mV s−1 between 0.1 V and 3.2 V. (b) Galvanostatic charge–discharge curves of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C at 0.1 A g−1. (c) Long-term cycling performance of the Si, Si@MnO2-50°C, Si@rGO-50°C, Si@MnO2@rGO-20°C, Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C, and Si@MnO2@rGO-160°C at 0.1 A g−1. (d) Rate performance of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C. (e) Long-term cycling performance of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C at 1 A g−1.
Figure 6. (a) The electrochemical impedance spectra of Si, Si@MnO2-50°C, and Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C. The inset shows the equivalent circuit model. (b) The electrochemical impedance spectra of the Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C before and after cycling.
Figure 7. (a,b) Cross-sectional SEM images of Si before and after 150 cycles. (c,d) Cross-sectional SEM images of Si@MnO2@rGO-50°C before and after 150 cycles. (e) The mechanism of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions.
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