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AMB Express
2022 Feb 27;121:24. doi: 10.1186/s13568-022-01364-3.
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Antifouling coating based on biopolymers (PCL/ PLA) and bioactive extract from the sea cucumber Stichopus herrmanni.
Darya M
,
Abdolrasouli MH
,
Yousefzadi M
,
Sajjadi MM
,
Sourinejad I
,
Zarei M
.
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An important challenge to decrease the toxic effects of the common biocides in marine environments and to achieve suitable ecofriendly natural antifouling coatings is to find effective natural antifoulants and efficient biodegradable coatings. In this study, antifouling activities of nine bioactive extracts (non-polar to polar) from different organs of the sea cucumber Stichopus herrmanni were tested against five bacterial strains, barnacle and brine shrimp larvae. The ethyl acetate extract of the body wall showed the highest in-vitro antifouling activity including high antibacterial and anti-barnacle activities and low toxicity against the brine shrimp as non-target organism. Based on these results, 10 phr of the ethyl acetate extract from S.herrmanni was added to different coatings consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL)/polylactic acid (PLA) blends containing various compositions of PLA (0, 10, and 20 wt.%). Polyvinyl chloride panels were coated with the prepared antifouling coatings and immersed in seawater for three months. Panel coated with PCL 80% /PLA 20% containing 10 phr of the antifoulant (panel-5), showed the highest resistance against fouling settlement with fouling coverage of 41.66% (P < 0.05). In addition, the lowest fouling weight was measured in panel-5 as well (81.00 ± 9.85 g) (P < 0.05). These findings indicate the antibacterial and antifouling potential of semi-polar bioactive extracts from the S. herrmanni body wall as natural antifoulants, as well as the enhanced antifouling performance of PCL/the natural antifoulant coatings by adding PLA.
Fig. 1. DSC cooling (a) and heating (b) thermograms recorded for the PCL, PLA and PCL/PLA samples at a rate of 10 ℃/min
Fig. 2. Panels after immersion in the seawater for three months. P1: uncoated panel (control); P2: panel coated with PCL (100%); P3: panel coated with PCL 100% / antifoulant 10 phr; P4: panel coated with PCL 90% /PLA 10% / antifoulant 10 phr; P5: panel coated with PCL 80% /PLA 20% / antifoulant 10 phr
Fig. 3. Fouling coverage (%) after immmersion in seawater for one (A), two (B) and three (C) month(s) in Bandar-e-Gorzeh, Persian Gulf. P1: uncoated panel (control); P2: panel coated with PCL (100%); P3: panel coated with PCL 100% / antifoulant 10 phr; P4: panel coated with PCL 90% /PLA 10% / antifoulant 10 phr; P5: panel coated with PCL 80% /PLA 20% / antifoulant 10 phr. Bars with different letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range tests
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