Kandeil M et al. (2022), Effect of an Extract from the Egyptian Sea Cucu...

ECB-ART-50459

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022 Feb 01;232:703-713. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.2.703.

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Effect of an Extract from the Egyptian Sea Cucumber, Bohadschia marmorata, on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Male Mice.

Kandeil M , El-Nahass EE , Elwan M .

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BACKGROUND: The sea cucumber, Bohadschia marmorata, is a marine echinoderm consumed and used as a medication. Extract of this species displays a broad spectrum of bioactivity, such as antifungal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic properties. This investigation explored sea cucumber extract for hepatorenal protection against the toxicity of methotrexate (MTX). METHODS: Four groups of mice were divided into G1: control, G2: MTX treated, G3: B. marmorata extract-treated daily for 14 days, and G4: B. marmorata extract and MTX treated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination of liver tissue showed that administration of MTX increased serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lowered levels of serum albumin, total protein, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Administration of B. marmorata extract to MTX- injected mice significantly reversed the increase in serum levels of liver enzymes and induced a significant elevation in serum albumin and total protein levels. SOD, CAT, and GSH levels returned to nearly normal levels. Histopathological examination indicated fewer signs of toxicity in liver and kidney tissues of mice treated with both extract and MTX compared to MTX treatment alone. An extract of B. marmorata will protect mice from hepatorenal toxicity induced by MTX.

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	Figure 2. UPLC-MS Chromatograms of Ion Beaks (m/z + Na)+ 1227.48 were Acquired from B. marmorata Body Wall Extract
	Figure 3. UPLC-MS Chromatograms of Ion Beaks (m/z + Na)+ 905.36 were Acquired from B. marmorata Body Wall Extract
	Figure 4. UPLC-MS Chromatograms of Ion Beaks (m/z + Na)+1433.24 were Acquired from B. marmorata Body Wall Extract
	Figure 5. UPLC-MS Chromatograms of Ion Beaks (m/z + Na)+1449.68 were Acquired from B. marmorata Body Wall Extract
	Figure 6. SOD Activity in Liver Tissue of Mice; Control, Methotrexate (MTX) Treated, B. marmorata (BM), Extract treated, BM + MTX treated. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different (Turkey´s test, p < 0.05)
	Figure 7. Catalase (CAT) Activity in Liver Tissue of All Groups of Mice; Control, Methotrexate (MTX) Treated, B. marmorata (BM) Extract treated, and BM + MTX treated. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different (Turkey’s test, p < 0.05)
	Figure 8. Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentration in Liver Tissue of All Groups of Mice; Control, Methotrexate (MTX) treated, B. marmorata (BM) extract treated, and BM + MTX treated. Means that do not share a letter are significantly different (Turkey´s test, p < 0.05)
	Figure 9. Photomicrographs of H&E-stained Liver Sections from Mice from Different Experimental Groups. a: Highly magnified sections of control liver showing standard hepatic architecture: central vein (Cv), radiating polygonal hepatocytes (H), and normal narrow blood sinusoids (Bs) lined by endothelial and Kupffer cells (K). b: Liver sections from MTX-injected mice showing disorganized hepatic structure: most hepatocytes vacuolated with degenerated cytoplasm (V), a large number of pyknotic nuclei (arrows), and obliterated blood sinusoids with activated Kupffer cells (K). c: Liver sections of B. marmorata extract-treated animals showing typical hepatic architecture, hepatocytes with normal cytoplasm. Some hepatocytes with pyknotic (arrows), others with karyolitic nuclei (thick arrows), a slight widening of central veins (Cv), and obliteration of blood sinusoids. d: Liver sections of mice treated with B. marmorata extract + MTX ) exhibiting a noticeable improvement of hepatic architecture with typical central veins (Cv). Some hepatocytes show eosinophilia (arrows), others pyknotic nuclei (thick arrows), and activated Kupffer cells (K). (400×)
	Figure 10. Photomicrographs of H&E-Sstained Kidney Sections from Mice from Different Experimental Groups. a: Highly magnified section of control kidney showing typical renal cortex structure with normal glomerular architecture (G) and renal tubules (R). b: Highly magnified section of the kidney after MTX treatment showing disorganized kidney structures: disorganized and atrophied glomeruli (G) with irregular mesangial areas (star), congested renal blood vessels (bv), most renal tubules with damage (thick arrows), intertubular hemorrhage (arrows), and accumulation of hyaline casts in intertubular spaces (double arrows). c: Highly magnified section of the kidney from animals after treatment with B. marmorata extract (BM) exhibiting disorganized glomeruli (G) with irregular bowman’s space (star), and elongated and distended renal tubules (R). d: Highly magnified section of kidney after combined treatment with BM + MTX showing mild improvement of the kidney structures: glomeruli (G) with irregular mesangial areas (star), most of renal tubules are normal, others are poorly distinguished with intermixed contents. A few intertubular hemorrhages are seen (thick arrow) (400×).

References [+] :

Abdel-Daim, Diosmin Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic, Renal, and Cardiac Injury: A Biochemical and Histopathological Study in Mice. 2017, Pubmed