Yu C et al. (2022), New psychropotid species (Echinodermata, Holot...

ECB-ART-50374

Zookeys 2022 Mar 09;1088:99-114. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1088.69141.

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New psychropotid species (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with phylogenetic analyses.

Yu C , Zhang D , Zhang R , Wang C .

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Holothurians of the family Psychropotidae are widely distributed but remain the least studied deep-sea holothurians. On an expedition to the Western Pacific, six psychropotid specimens were collected by the Jiaolong Human Operated Vehicle (HOV). Through morphological examination, four of them were identified as a new species, Benthodytesjiaolongi sp. nov., which was characterized as having minute papillae, a narrow brim, and a terminal anus; and the ossicles were rods and primary crosses. The remaining two specimens were identified as Psychropotesverrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou & Li, 2019, first recorded at the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. The phylogenetic analysis showed that B.jiaolongi sp. nov. and P.verrucicaudatus were embedded in the clades Benthodytes and Psycheotrephes, respectively, and that Benthodytes was paraphyletic. The new species clustered with Benthodytessanguinolenta and was separated from the clade containing the other Benthodytes species.

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Darriba, jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. 2012, Pubmed

	Figure 1. Red dots show the location of Benthodytesjiaolongi sp. nov. and green dots indicate the location of Psychropotesverrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou & Li, 2019.
	Figure 2. A, BBenthodytesjiaolongi sp. nov. (RSIO3710601, holotype) in situ on the seamount Weijia Guyot C specimen (RSIO6017101, paratype) in situ on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge D specimen (paratype) before preservation in 10% seawater formalin.
	Figure 3. Benthodytesjiaolongi sp. nov. A dorsal view B ventral view.
	Figure 4. A–C scanning electron micrographs of dorsal body wall ossicles from Benthodytesjiaolongi sp. nov., RSIO590506 D–F dorsal body wall ossicles from Benthodytesjiaolongi sp. nov., RSIO6017101 G–J ossicles of tentacles.
	Figure 5. A, BPsychropotesverrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou & Li, 2019 (RSIO6018004) in situ C, D specimen (RSIO6018004) before preservation E, F red arrows point to the giant ossicles, specimen (RSIO6018004) after preservation in 10% seawater formalin. Scale bars: 5 cm (A–E); 1 cm (F).
	Figure 6. PsychropotesverrucicaudatusA–D giant ossicles from the dorsal warts.
	Figure 7. Psychropotesverrucicaudatus ossicle from A–C ventral body wall D–G dorsal body wall H–K brim L–R tentacle.
	Figure 8. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) trees based on the concatenated sequences. The Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI) and Maximum likelihood bootstrap (BS) values are shown as BI/ML at each node. Scale bar indicates the evolutionary branch length.

﻿New psychropotid species (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with phylogenetic analyses.

New psychropotid species (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with phylogenetic analyses.