Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Int J Mol Sci
2022 Jun 02;2311:. doi: 10.3390/ijms23116239.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Toxicity of Vanadium during Development of Sea Urchin Embryos: Bioaccumulation, Calcium Depletion, ERK Modulation and Cell-Selective Apoptosis.
Chiarelli R
,
Scudiero R
,
Memoli V
,
Roccheri MC
,
Martino C
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Vanadium toxicology is a topic of considerable importance as this metal is widely used in industrial and biomedical fields. However, it represents a potential emerging environmental pollutant because wastewater treatment plants do not adequately remove metal compounds that are subsequently released into the environment. Vanadium applications are limited due to its toxicity, so it is urgent to define this aspect. This metal is associated with sea urchin embryo toxicity as it perturbs embryogenesis and skeletogenesis, triggering several stress responses. Here we investigated its bioaccumulation and the correlation with cellular and molecular developmental pathways. We used cytotoxic concentrations of 1 mM and 500 μM to perform quantitative analyses, showing that vanadium accumulation interferes with calcium uptake during sea urchin development and provokes a disruption in the biomineralization process. At the end of the whole treatment, the accumulation of vanadium was about 14 and 8 μg for embryos treated respectively with 1 mM and 500 μM, showing a dose-dependent response. Then, we monitored the cell signaling perturbation, analyzing key molecular markers of cell survival/cell death mechanisms and the DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis. This paper clarifies vanadium's trend to accumulate directly into embryonic cells, interfering with calcium uptake. In addition, our results indicate that vanadium can modulate the ERK pathway and activate a cell-selective apoptosis. These results endorse the sea urchin embryo as an adequate experimental model to study metal-related cellular/molecular responses.
Figure 1. Pictures of representative embryos at 36 h of development/treatment. Control embryo (A), 1 mM V-treated embryo (B), 500 μM V-treated embryo (C). Bar: 100 μm.
Figure 2. Amount of V and Ca incorporated during the time after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of development/treatment. Embryos were cultured in 1 mM or 500 μM of V. V (A) and Ca (B) content were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), determining the metal quantity in about 250,000 embryos. Experiments were performed in triplicate and data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3 ± SD).
Figure 3. Immunoblotting detection and quantitative analysis for pERK and ERK 1/2. (A) Total lysates of control and V-treated (1 mM, 500 μM) embryos after 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of development/treatment. Actin was used as a loading control. Histograms show the densitometric analysis of bands identified for (B) pERK and (C) ERK 1/2. Relative protein expression, reported as arbitrary units, was calculated as the band density ratio to that of actin. Experiments were performed in triplicate and data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3 ± SD). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Treatments with the same lowercase letter do not differ (Tukey HSD).
Figure 4. Immunoblotting detection and quantitative analysis for CHOP 10/GADD 153 and cleaved caspase 7. (A) Total lysates of control and V-treated (1 mM, 500 μM) embryos after 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of development/treatment. Actin was used as a loading control. Histograms show the densitometric analysis of bands identified for (B) CHOP-10/GADD 153 and (C) cleaved caspase 7. Relative protein expression, reported as arbitrary units, was calculated as the band density ratio to that of actin. Experiments were performed in triplicate and data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3 ± SD). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Treatments with the same lowercase letter do not differ (Tukey HSD).
Figure 5. Fluorescent TUNEL assay and densitometric analysis. Pictures of demonstrative embryos at 24, 30, 36 and 42 h of development/treatment. DNA fragmentation (A1–N1). Nuclei marked with propidium iodide (A2–N2). Merge of both signals (A3–N3). Control embryos (A1–A3,D1–D3,H1–H3,K1–K3); 1 mM V-treated embryos (B1–B3,E1–E3,I1–I3,L1–L3); 500 μM V-treated embryos (C1–C3,F1–F3,J1–J3,M1–M3). Positive control embryo at 42 h of development (G1–G3). Negative control embryo at 42 h of development (N1–N3). Bar = 100 μm. Histograms showing data related to the quantitative analysis of fluorescence from apoptotic DNA. Experiments were performed in triplicate and data are expressed as means ± standard deviation (n = 3 ± SD). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Treatments with the same lowercase letter do not differ (Tukey HSD).
Agell,
Modulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by Ca(2+), and calmodulin.
2002, Pubmed
Agell,
Modulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by Ca(2+), and calmodulin.
2002,
Pubmed
Agnello,
Cadmium induces an apoptotic response in sea urchin embryos.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Andreucci,
Side effects of radiographic contrast media: pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention.
2014,
Pubmed
Badmaev,
Vanadium: a review of its potential role in the fight against diabetes.
1999,
Pubmed
Byrne,
The stunting effect of a high CO2 ocean on calcification and development in sea urchin larvae, a synthesis from the tropics to the poles.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cagnol,
ERK and cell death: mechanisms of ERK-induced cell death--apoptosis, autophagy and senescence.
2010,
Pubmed
Chiarelli,
Heavy metals and metalloids as autophagy inducing agents: focus on cadmium and arsenic.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Sea urchin embryos exposed to cadmium as an experimental model for studying the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Sea urchin embryos as a model system for studying autophagy induced by cadmium stress.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Toxic effects induced by vanadium on sea urchin embryos.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Vanadium Toxicity Monitored by Fertilization Outcomes and Metal Related Proteolytic Activities in Paracentrotus lividus Embryos.
2022,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Autophagy as a defense strategy against stress: focus on Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos exposed to cadmium.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Cadmium stress effects indicating marine pollution in different species of sea urchin employed as environmental bioindicators.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ettensohn,
Lessons from a gene regulatory network: echinoderm skeletogenesis provides insights into evolution, plasticity and morphogenesis.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Fernandez-Serra,
Role of the ERK-mediated signaling pathway in mesenchyme formation and differentiation in the sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Filosto,
Environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations affect development and induce apoptosis of Paracentrotus lividus larvae cultured in vitro.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hamdoun,
Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world.
2007,
Pubmed
Jezierska,
The effects of heavy metals on embryonic development of fish (a review).
2009,
Pubmed
Kumano,
Calcium-mediated inactivation of the MAP kinase pathway in sea urchin eggs at fertilization.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Livingston,
A genome-wide analysis of biomineralization-related proteins in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martino,
Toxicological Impact of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on the Reproduction and Development of Aquatic Organisms Using Sea Urchins as Biological Models.
2022,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martino,
Interactive effects of increased temperature and gadolinium pollution in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos: a climate change perspective.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martino,
Effects of exposure to gadolinium on the development of geographically and phylogenetically distant sea urchins species.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martino,
Induction of skeletal abnormalities and autophagy in Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos exposed to gadolinium.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martino,
Gadolinium perturbs expression of skeletogenic genes, calcium uptake and larval development in phylogenetically distant sea urchin species.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pandiyan,
An assessment of level of heavy metals pollution in the water, sediment and aquatic organisms: A perspective of tackling environmental threats for food security.
2021,
Pubmed
Pinsino,
Sea urchin embryos as an in vivo model for the assessment of manganese toxicity: developmental and stress response effects.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pinsino,
Manganese interferes with calcium, perturbs ERK signaling, and produces embryos with no skeleton.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ragusa,
Effects of cadmium exposure on sea urchin development assessed by SSH and RT-qPCR: metallothionein genes and their differential induction.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rana,
Is there a Role for Sodium Orthovanadate in the Treatment of Diabetes?
2019,
Pubmed
Reissig,
The impact of barium isotopes in radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine - From past to presence.
2021,
Pubmed
Roccheri,
Physiological and induced apoptosis in sea urchin larvae undergoing metamorphosis.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Röttinger,
A Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Tang,
ERK activation mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage independently of p53.
2002,
Pubmed
Telgmann,
Determination of gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in biological and environmental samples: a review.
2013,
Pubmed
Tiwari,
Review on fate and mechanism of removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater using biological approach.
2017,
Pubmed
Vareda,
Assessment of heavy metal pollution from anthropogenic activities and remediation strategies: A review.
2019,
Pubmed
Wang,
Identification of novel stress-induced genes downstream of chop.
1998,
Pubmed
Williams,
Towards an integrated framework for assessing the vulnerability of species to climate change.
2008,
Pubmed
Ścibior,
Vanadium: Risks and possible benefits in the light of a comprehensive overview of its pharmacotoxicological mechanisms and multi-applications with a summary of further research trends.
2020,
Pubmed
