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PLoS One
2020 Jan 01;1510:e0239480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239480.
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Horizontal and vertical movements of starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias in the northeast Atlantic.
Griffiths CA
,
Wright SR
,
Silva JF
,
Ellis JR
,
Righton DA
,
McCully Phillips SR
.
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Commercial landings of starry smooth-hound Mustelus asterias in northern European seas are increasing, whilst our knowledge of their ecology, behaviour and population structure remains limited. M. asterias is a widely distributed demersal shark, occupying the waters of the southern North Sea and Irish Sea in the north, to at least the southern Bay of Biscay in the south, and is seasonally abundant in UK waters. There are no species-specific management measures for the northeast Atlantic stock, and the complexity of its population structure is not yet fully understood. To address this issue, we deployed both mark-recapture and electronic tags on M. asterias to gain novel insights into its horizontal and vertical movements. Our data suggest that the habitat use of M. asterias changes on a seasonal basis, with associated changes in geographical distribution, depth utilisation and experienced temperature. We report the first direct evidence of philopatry for this species, and also provide initial evidence of sex-biased dispersal and potential metapopulation-like stock structuring either side of the UK continental shelf. Investigations of finer-scale vertical movements revealed clear diel variation in vertical activity. The illustrated patterns of seasonal space-use and behaviour will provide important information to support the stock assessment process and will help inform any future management options.
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33112858
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Fig 1. Release locations of M. asterias.Release locations of M. asterias tagged with mark-recapture tags (n = 1390). Points are coloured by month of release. ICES Divisions are labelled and correspond to the following areas: northern North Sea (4.a), central North Sea (4.b), Skagerrak (3.a), southern North Sea (4.c), eastern English Channel (7.d), western English Channel (7.e), Celtic Sea (7.f-h and 7.j), Irish Sea (7.a), west of Scotland (6.a), west of Ireland (7.b) and northern Bay of Biscay (8.a and 8.d2).
Fig 2. Release and recapture locations of tagged M. asterias.Release (black squares) and recapture (red circles) locations of M. asterias by tag type (mark-recapture, n = 18; electronic, n = 18; S4 and S5 Tables). Lines by tag type represent a straight-line between release and recapture locations and are designed to illustrate migration and dispersal.
Fig 3. Movements of M. asterias tagged with electronic tags (n = 6).Daily locations in space and time have been coloured by Tag ID (A and B) and month (C and D; where data are recorded) to illustrate individual variation and seasonality, respectively. Individuals have been split based on movement pattern (migration, A and C; resident, B and D) for illustrative purposes. Release and recapture locations of M. asterias are plotted as triangles and inverted triangles, respectively. Each location represents an estimated geographical position per day (24 hours).
Fig 4. Depth and temperature measurements taken from Tag 13733.Depth was measured every 30 seconds and temperature every 120 seconds. This individual was tagged and released on the 29th September 2018 and recaptured on the 16th May 2019 (S5 Table).
Fig 5. Monthly depth (A) and temperature (B) during the day and during the night. Month averages are calculated per fish and per month (where data allow). Error bars represent ± one standard deviation.
Fig 6. Monthly vertical speed (A) and time spent within 10 m of the seabed (B) during the day and during the night. Month averages are calculated per fish and per month (where data allow). Error bars represent ± one standard deviation.
Fig 7. Proportion of time spent (%) in each vertical movement behaviour per month.Diel vertical migration (DVM; yellow), reverse diel vertical migration (rDVM; purple) and no vertical migration (nVM; green).
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