Anedda R et al. (2021), Lipid metabolism of sea urchin Paracentrotus li...

ECB-ART-49083

Sci Rep 2021 Jul 08;111:14174. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93669-9.

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Lipid metabolism of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in two contrasting natural habitats.

Anedda R , Siliani S , Melis R , Loi B , Baroli M .

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Sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus were harvested monthly from April 2015 to March 2016 from two sites in Sardinia (Italy). The two sites, a Posidonia oceanica meadow and a rocky bottom habitat, were naturally characterized by different food sources and availability, being mainly populated by the sea grass Posidonia oceanica and the brown algae Halopteris scoparia, respectively. Total lipids showed a minimum during winter in mature gonads, and a maximum in the summer (recovery stage). Fatty acid (FA) profiles of gut contents and gonads differed from those of the most available food sources. Levels of C18:3 (n-3) (ALA) discriminated samples from the two sites. Despite the very low amounts of C20:5 (n-3) (EPA) and C20:4 (n-6) (ARA) in P. oceanica, the main FA in gonads and gut contents were EPA and ARA in both sites. Increase in green algae intake prior to gametogenesis, especially C. cylindracea, likely affected EPA and ARA levels in gonads. The results show that P. lividus is able to concentrate lipids in gut contents and also to selectively store EPA, ARA and their precursors ALA and 18:2 (n-6) (LA). Moreover, bioconversion of ALA to EPA and of LA to ARA in P. lividus is suggested.

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	Figure 1. Seasonal variation of total lipids in gonads of P. lividus from P. oceanica meadow and rocky bottom habitats, compared with fitted photoperiod and seawater temperature. (a) gametogenic stages detected in the P. oceanica meadow. Fitting in (b) was performed according to Siliani et al.22 (c) gametogenic stages detected in the rocky bottom habitat.
	Figure 2. Seasonal variation of total lipids content in P. oceanica and H. scoparia from P. oceanica meadow (a) and rocky bottom (b), respectively. Each point corresponds to the analysis of a pooled sample, as detailed in “Materials and methods” section.
	Figure 3. Fatty acid profiles (annual mean values, % with SD) of P. oceanica and H. scoparia (a), P. lividus gut contents (b) and gonads (c) from P. oceanica meadow and rocky bottom. Associated asterisks , , ** indicate significant differences between the two areas for each fatty acid, with P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively.
	Figure 4. Seasonal variation of C 18:3 (n-3) in P. oceanica and H. scoparia (a), gut contents (b) and gonads (c) of P. lividus collected from P. oceanica meadow and rocky bottom. Each point corresponds to the analysis of a pooled sample, as detailed in “Materials and methods” section.
	Figure 5. Seasonal effect on C 18:2 (n-6) contents in sea grass and macroalgae (a), gut contents (b) and gonads (c) of P. lividus from the two sites (P. oceanica meadow and rocky bottom). Each point corresponds to the analysis of a pooled sample, as detailed in “Materials and methods” section.
	Figure 6. Seasonal variation of C 20:5 (n-3) in the most representative dietary sources (a), gut contents (b) and gonads (c) of P. lividus from P. oceanica meadow and rocky bottom. Each point corresponds to the analysis of a pooled sample, as detailed in “Materials and methods” section.
	Figure 7. Seasonal variation of C 20:4 (n-6) in the sea grass and macroalgae analyzed (a), gut contents (b) and gonads (c) of P. lividus from the two sites analyzed (P. oceanica meadow and rocky bottom). Each point corresponds to the analysis of a pooled sample, as detailed in “Materials and methods” section.