Chang YC et al. (2021), Polyculture of Juvenile Dog Conch Laevistrombus...

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Biology (Basel) 2021 Aug 22;108:. doi: 10.3390/biology10080812.

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Polyculture of Juvenile Dog Conch Laevistrombus canarium Reveals High Potentiality in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA).

Chang YC , Ma CH , Lee HT , Hsu TH .

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Laevistrombus canarium, also known as dog conch, is a marine gastropod mollusk widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. It is an economically crucial species; however, its population has been declining due to overfishing and overexploitation. In this study, the suitable salinity for juvenile L. canarium was between 20 and 35‰. Diatoms and biological detritus by using flow-water from the fish pool were the most favorable diets for newly metamorphosed and 10 mm juveniles. In the polyculture experiment, L. canarium was cultured with whiteleg shrimp, tilapia, small abalone, purple sea urchin, and collector urchin. Better growth was found in all co-culture groups except with whiteleg shrimp. We also found that the polyculture system with or without substrates significantly affected the growth of juveniles. Additionally, we observed that water temperature was the most crucial factor for growth and survival; a water temperature of less than 10 °C might cause the death of L. canarium. We have proposed a novel polyculture and water-flow method for mass production of L. canarium and evaluated the feasibility and benefits of polyculture with other species. The findings from this work reveal the potentiality of L. canarium in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) and its implication for aquaculture and resource restoration.

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	Figure 1. The development stages of Laevistrombus canarium. Egg capsules (top left); embryo (top center); 4-lobed veliger (top right); 6-lobed veliger (bottom left); newly metamorphosed juveniles (bottom center) (Scale bar = 100 µm); 10 mm juveniles (bottom right) (Scale bar = 5 mm).
	Figure 2. The experiment of juvenile Laevistrombus canarium cocultured outdoor with different species. (A) plastic tank: 60 × 45 × 90 cm; (B) abalone Haliotis diversicolor; (C) purple sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina; (D) with sands; (E) control; (F) collector urchin Tripneustes gratilla; (G) shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei; (H) tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus; (I) mass production of juveniles in the Gongliao Aqua Center.
	Figure 3. Survival rates of newly metamorphosed juvenile Laevistrombus canarium fed with different diets. The data of flow water from the fish pool were from outdoor tanks. We use 240 L tanks (90 × 60 × 45 cm) for juveniles and use flow-water from the 2000 tons fish pool (Figure 2A). Groups show significant differences by the 30th day (ANOVA; p < 0.001). Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (Tukey’s HSD; p < 0.05) of examined variables between diets. Bars present the mean ± standard deviation.
	Figure 4. Laevistrombus canarium. Mean (± sd) weight of 10 mm juveniles at various sampling during 56 days of feeding on four diets (flow water, natural diatoms, sea cucumber feed, kelp powder).
	Figure 5. Laevistrombus canarium. Indoor polyculture experiments. Mean (± sd) weight of juveniles at various periods of coculture treatments (control, sand, cocultured with shrimp, tilapia, abalone, purple sea urchin, or collector urchin) at two temperature regimes (18, 28 °C). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (Tukey’s HSD; p < 0.05) between coculture treatments at each sampling day (0 to 90th day post-initiation of the experiment).
	Figure 6. Laevistrombus canarium. Outdoor polyculture experiments. Mean (± sd) weight of juveniles at various periods (0 to 270 days post initiation of the experiment) coculture treatments (control, sand, cocultured with shrimp, tilapia, abalone, purple sea urchin, or collector urchin). Mean daily outdoors water temperature values during the experimental period. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (Tukey’s HSD; p < 0.05) between coculture treatments at each sampling day (0 to the 270th day post-initiation of the experiment).

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Angell, Feeding preferences and the nutritional value of tropical algae for the abalone Haliotis asinina. 2012, Pubmed