Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
2021 Oct 08;1110:. doi: 10.3390/nano11102646.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Immunomodulatory Function of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles in Vibrio-Stimulated Sea Urchin Immune Cells.
Alijagic A
,
Bonura A
,
Barbero F
,
Puntes VF
,
Gervasi F
,
Pinsino A
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
We investigated the role of the gold nanoparticles functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-AuNPs) on the innate immune response against an acute infection caused by Vibrio anguillarum in an in vitro immunological nonmammalian next-generation model, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To profile the immunomodulatory function of PVP-AuNPs (0.1 μg mL-1) in sea urchin immune cells stimulated by Vibrio (10 μg mL-1) for 3 h, we focused on the baseline immunological state of the donor, and we analysed the topography, cellular metabolism, and expression of human cell surface antigens of the exposed cells, as well as the signalling leading the interaction between PVP-AuNPs and the Vibrio-stimulated cells. PVP-AuNPs are not able to silence the inflammatory signalling (TLR4/p38MAPK/NF-κB signalling) that involves the whole population of P. lividus immune cells exposed to Vibrio. However, our findings emphasise the ability of PVP-AuNPs to stimulate a subset of rare cells (defined here as Group 3) that express CD45 and CD14 antigens on their surface, which are known to be involved in immune cell maturation and macrophage activation in humans. Our evidence on how PVP-AuNPs may stimulate sea urchin immune cells represents an important starting point for planning new research work on the topic.
Figure 1. PVP–AuNP behaviour in the sea urchin culture media. (A) SEM image of PVP–AuNPs (upper panel); DLS size distribution of PVP–AuNPs (10 µg mL−1) dispersed in CCM at 3 h of exposure (lower panel). (B) UV-vis spectra of PVP–AuNPs (0.2, 1, 10 μg mL−1) dispersed in CCM at 0 (red line) and 3 h (blue line) of exposure, and in mQ water (green line). (C) PVP–AuNPs dispersed in cell-free coelomic fluid (CF) plus CCM at 0.2, 1, and 10 μg mL−1 and 0 and 3 h of exposure (red line and blue line, respectively). (D) PVP–AuNPs dispersed in CF cell-free plus CCM at 0.2 μg mL−1 and 0 and 3 h of exposure (red line and blue line, respectively).
Figure 2. Sea urchin immune cells under in vitro exposure. (A) Short-term housed P. lividus (2–4 weeks). (B) Macroscopic overview of the immune cells from short-term housed sea urchins after a few seconds of exposure (V. anguillarum, PVP–AuNPs, Vibrio plus PVP–AuNPs). (C) Sea urchin immune cells from short-term housed sea urchin after 3 h of exposure in vitro. (D) Long-term housed P. lividus (6–8 months). (E) Macroscopic overview of the immune cells from long-term housed sea urchins after a few seconds of exposure (V. anguillarum, PVP–AuNPs, Vibrio
plus PVP–AuNPs). (F) Sea urchin immune cells from long-term housed sea urchin after 3 h of exposure in vitro.
Figure 3. Real-time viability assay reveals how the baseline immunological state interferes with the capability of the cells to sense the infection. The cellular viability/metabolism of the immune cells exposed to PVP–AuNPs (0.1 μg mL−1), Vibrio anguillarum (10 μg mL−1), and particle–bacteria combination was measured in cells from both short-term housed donors (A) and long-term housed donors (B). The number of donors was 12 short-term and 5 long-term housed sea urchins. Levels are expressed in both relative luminescence unit (RLU) (on the left), and arbitrary units (fold increase or decrease compared to controls set to 1) (dotted line) (on the right). Data are reported as the mean ± SD; asterisks (*) indicate significant differences among groups (*** p < 0.001).
Figure 4. Two-parameter flow cytometric analysis of immune cells of an immunologically quiescent sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus via forward scatter (FSC) and sideward scatter (SSC). (A) Forward/side scatter profile of total immune cells harvested from the donor in the coelomic calcium medium (CCM, anticoagulant solution): unexposed cells (control), and cells exposed to PVP–AuNPs (0.1 μg mL−1), Vibrio (10 μg mL−1), and particle–bacteria combination. (B) Forward/side scatter profile of total immune cells harvested from the same donor without CCM. The gating of distinct populations is shown, and the percentage of cells in each of these gates is provided.
Figure 5. PVP–AuNPs are not able to block the powerful inflammatory response involving the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway activated by Vibrio. Representative immunoblotting shows results for the selected subset of proteins in cells exposed to PVP–AuNPs (0.1 μg mL−1), Vibrio (10 μg mL−1) and particles in combination with bacteria for 3 h. Histograms are representative of the means ± SD of six replicates after normalisation with actin. Protein levels are reported in arbitrary units (fold increase or decrease compared to controls that are set to 1). Here, a representative image of the protein levels obtained from three individual donors per group is reported. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Alijagic,
Gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sea urchin extracellular molecules induce transient immune activation.
2021, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Alijagic,
Gold nanoparticles coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sea urchin extracellular molecules induce transient immune activation.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Alijagic,
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles temporarily influence the sea urchin immunological state suppressing inflammatory-relate gene transcription and boosting antioxidant metabolic activity.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Alijagic,
Sea Urchin Extracellular Proteins Design a Complex Protein Corona on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Surface Influencing Immune Cell Behavior.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Alijagic,
Probing safety of nanoparticles by outlining sea urchin sensing and signaling cascades.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Arroyo-Espliguero,
CD14 and toll-like receptor 4: a link between infection and acute coronary events?
2004,
Pubmed
Barbero,
Dynamic Equilibrium in the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Au Nanoparticle Bilayer, and the Consequent Impact on the Formation of the Nanoparticle Protein Corona.
2019,
Pubmed
Barbero,
Formation of the Protein Corona: The Interface between Nanoparticles and the Immune System.
2017,
Pubmed
Bonnin-Jusserand,
Vibrio species involved in seafood-borne outbreaks (Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus): Review of microbiological versus recent molecular detection methods in seafood products.
2019,
Pubmed
Boraschi,
Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species.
2020,
Pubmed
Bossche,
Epithelial origin of starfish coelomocytes.
1976,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chen,
Surface Modification of Gold Nanoparticles with Small Molecules for Biochemical Analysis.
2017,
Pubmed
Cross,
CD45 regulates TLR-induced proinflammatory cytokine and IFN-beta secretion in dendritic cells.
2008,
Pubmed
Delong,
Functionalized gold nanoparticles for the binding, stabilization, and delivery of therapeutic DNA, RNA, and other biological macromolecules.
2010,
Pubmed
Di Gaudio,
Improvement of a rapid direct blood culture microbial identification protocol using MALDI-TOF MS and performance comparison with SepsiTyper kit.
2018,
Pubmed
Dykman,
Gold nanoparticles for preparation of antibodies and vaccines against infectious diseases.
2020,
Pubmed
Franco,
The Use of Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) in the Delivery of Drugs: A Review.
2020,
Pubmed
Frans,
Vibrio anguillarum as a fish pathogen: virulence factors, diagnosis and prevention.
2011,
Pubmed
Gambardella,
Review: Morphofunctional and biochemical markers of stress in sea urchin life stages exposed to engineered nanoparticles.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ganeshan,
Metabolic regulation of immune responses.
2014,
Pubmed
Golconda,
The Axial Organ and the Pharynx Are Sites of Hematopoiesis in the Sea Urchin.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hassanen,
The effect of different concentrations of gold nanoparticles on growth performance, toxicopathological and immunological parameters of broiler chickens.
2020,
Pubmed
Henson,
Two components of actin-based retrograde flow in sea urchin coelomocytes.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hermiston,
CD45: a critical regulator of signaling thresholds in immune cells.
2003,
Pubmed
Herrick,
Surgical adhesions: A sticky macrophage problem.
2021,
Pubmed
Herrmann,
Beyond the 3Rs: Expanding the use of human-relevant replacement methods in biomedical research.
2019,
Pubmed
Hibino,
The immune gene repertoire encoded in the purple sea urchin genome.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hohn,
Zebrafish kidney phagocytes utilize macropinocytosis and Ca+-dependent endocytic mechanisms.
2009,
Pubmed
Hsu,
LPS-induced TLR4 signaling in human colorectal cancer cells increases beta1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion and liver metastasis.
2011,
Pubmed
Javed,
Role of capping agents in the application of nanoparticles in biomedicine and environmental remediation: recent trends and future prospects.
2020,
Pubmed
Jiao,
Immunomodulation of nanoparticles in nanomedicine applications.
2014,
Pubmed
Karakostis,
Heterologous expression of newly identified galectin-8 from sea urchin embryos produces recombinant protein with lactose binding specificity and anti-adhesive activity.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kennedy,
A new era for cancer treatment: gold-nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapies.
2011,
Pubmed
Khezerlou,
Nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties against pathogens including bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses.
2018,
Pubmed
Koczkur,
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in nanoparticle synthesis.
2015,
Pubmed
Mahato,
Gold nanoparticle surface engineering strategies and their applications in biomedicine and diagnostics.
2019,
Pubmed
Nagasawa,
Expression of CD14, CD16 and CD45RA on monocytes from periodontitis patients.
2004,
Pubmed
Nair,
Macroarray analysis of coelomocyte gene expression in response to LPS in the sea urchin. Identification of unexpected immune diversity in an invertebrate.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pfau,
Monoclonal antibodies to CD45 modify LPS-induced arachidonic acid metabolism in macrophages.
2000,
Pubmed
Pikula,
Toxicity of Carbon, Silicon, and Metal-Based Nanoparticles to Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Intermedius.
2020,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pinsino,
Sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune cells in culture: formulation of the appropriate harvesting and culture media and maintenance conditions.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pinsino,
Coelomocytes and post-traumatic response in the common sea star Asterias rubens.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pinsino,
Sea urchin immune cells as sentinels of environmental stress.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Prestinaci,
Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon.
2015,
Pubmed
Ramírez-Gómez,
Changes in holothurian coelomocyte populations following immune stimulation with different molecular patterns.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Romero,
Cell mediated immune response of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus after PAMPs stimulation.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Saptarshi,
Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins: relation to bio-reactivity of the nanoparticle.
2013,
Pubmed
Saunders,
Modulation of immune cell signalling by the leukocyte common tyrosine phosphatase, CD45.
2010,
Pubmed
Semeraro,
Mechanisms of blood clotting activation in inflammation: the role of mononuclear phagocytes.
1985,
Pubmed
Sharlaimova,
Coelomocyte replenishment in adult Asterias rubens: the possible ways.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sinatra,
Notes from the Field: Fatal Vibrio anguillarum Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient - Maine, 2017.
2018,
Pubmed
Sodergren,
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Valcourt,
Staying alive: metabolic adaptations to quiescence.
2012,
Pubmed
Vezzulli,
Climate influence on Vibrio and associated human diseases during the past half-century in the coastal North Atlantic.
2016,
Pubmed
Wang,
The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles: present situation and prospects for the future.
2017,
Pubmed
Whittaker,
The echinoderm adhesome.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zhang,
Surface chemistry of gold nanoparticles for health-related applications.
2020,
Pubmed
Zindel,
Primordial GATA6 macrophages function as extravascular platelets in sterile injury.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zito,
Regulative specification of ectoderm in skeleton disrupted sea urchin embryos treated with monoclonal antibody to Pl-nectin.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase