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Plants (Basel)
2021 Oct 06;1010:. doi: 10.3390/plants10102118.
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Interaction Effect of EDTA, Salinity, and Oxide Nanoparticles on Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlamydomonas euryale.
Canuel E
,
Vaz C
,
Matias WG
,
Dewez D
.
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The interaction effects of organic ligand ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and oxide nanoparticles (magnetite Fe3O4-NPs and copper CuO-NPs) were investigated during a 72 h period on two green algal species-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under freshwater conditions and Chlamydomonas euryale under saltwater conditions. Fe3O4-NPs had larger agglomerates and very low solubility. CuO-NPs, having smaller agglomerates and higher solubility, were more toxic than Fe3O4-NPs in freshwater conditions for similar mass-based concentrations, especially at 72 h under 100 mg L-1. Furthermore, the effect of EDTA increased nanoparticle solubility, and the salinity caused a decrease in their solubility. Our results on C. euryale showed that the increase in salinity to 32 g L-1 caused the formation of larger nanoparticle agglomerates, leading to a decrease in the toxicity impact on algal cells. In addition, EDTA treatments induced a toxicity effect on both freshwater and saltwater Chlamydomonas species, by altering the nutrient uptake of algal cells. However, C. euryale was more resistant to EDTA toxicity than C. reinhardtii. Moreover, nanoparticle treatments caused a reduction in EDTA toxicity, especially for CuO-NPs. Therefore, the toxicity impact caused by these environmental factors should be considered in risk assessment for metallic nanoparticles.
RGPIN 415572-2013 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, C3-301672 RAQ-FQRNT, 2014-NC-173484 Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies, 200368/2014-1 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
Figure 1. Zeta potential values of NPs in HSM (no salt added), and under two salinity conditions (10 and 32 g L−1). NPs were also exposed to EDTA concentrations: 0 mg L−1 (white), 10 mg L−1 (dash) and 100 mg L−1 (gray). (*) For both NPs, the salinity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the values of the zeta potential compared to the respective controls (no salt added), even in the presence of EDTA (determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test).
Figure 2. Hydrodynamic diameter distribution of Fe3O4 and CuO particle size in HSM (dots), and under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 (dash) and 32 g L−1 (line).
Figure 3. Solubility of CuO-NPs (50 and 100 mg L−1) in HSM (no salt added), and under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 and 32 g L−1. NPs were exposed to EDTA concentrations: 0 (white), 10 mg L−1 (dash), and 100 mg L−1 (gray). (*) The EDTA effect on NPs significantly caused an increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of free Cu compared to respective controls (no EDTA). Moreover, the same letters (a, b, or c) indicated a significant difference for p < 0.05 (determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test).
Figure 4. Growth rate (h−1) of algal cells exposed during 72 h to 50 and 100 mg L−1 of Fe3O4-NPs or CuO-NPs for C. reinhardtii in HSM, and C. euryale in HSM under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 and 32 g L−1. Tested concentrations of EDTA: 0 mg L−1 (white), 10 mg L−1 (dash) and 100 mg L−1 (gray). (*) Significant differences between the controls and treatments (p < 0.05) were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
Figure 5. Living algal cells (%) at 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to different concentrations of EDTA (0, 10 and 100 mg L−1) for C. reinhardtii in HSM, and C. euryale in HSM under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 and 32 g L−1. (*) Significant differences between the controls and treatments (p < 0.05) were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
Figure 6. Living algal cells (%) at 24 h for the control and treated cells to 50 and 100 mg L−1 Fe3O4-NPs or CuO-NPs: C. reinhardtii in HSM; C. euryale in HSM under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 and 32 g L−1. Under these conditions, algal cells were exposed to EDTA concentrations: 0 (white), 10 mg L−1 (dash), and 100 mg L−1 (gray). (*) Significant differences between the controls and treatments (p < 0.05) were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
Figure 7. Living algal cells (%) at 48 h for the control and treated cells to 50 and 100 mg L−1 Fe3O4-NPs or CuO-NPs: C. reinhardtii in HSM; C. euryale in HSM under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 and 32 g L−1. Under these conditions, algal cells were exposed to EDTA concentrations: 0 (white), 10 mg L−1 (dash), and 100 mg L−1 (gray). (*) Significant differences between the controls and treatments (p < 0.05) were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
Figure 8. Living algal cells (in %) at 72 h for the control and treated cells to 50 and 100 mg L−1 Fe3O4-NPs or CuO-NPs: C. reinhardtii in HSM; C. euryale in HSM under two salinity conditions, 10 g L−1 and 32 g L−1. Under these conditions, algal cells were exposed to EDTA concentrations: 0 (white), 10 mg L−1 (dash), and 100 mg L−1 (gray). (*) Significant differences between the controls and treatments (p < 0.05) were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test.
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