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Mar Drugs
2019 Dec 28;181:. doi: 10.3390/md18010027.
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Quantitative and Qualitative HPLC Analysis of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids Extracted in Distilled Water for Cosmetical Uses in Four Rhodophyta.
Chaves-Peña P
,
de la Coba F
,
Figueroa FL
,
Korbee N
.
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Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have gained considerable attention as highly active photoprotective candidates for human sunscreens. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate the extraction efficiency of these metabolites in solvents compatible with cosmetics and their subsequent analysis by HPLC. In the present study, MAA extraction using distilled water and 20% methanol in four Rhodophyta was investigated. Different re-dissolution solvents and a C8 and C18 columns were tested for the HPLC analysis. Porphyra-334, shinorine, palythine, palythine-serine, asterina-330, and palythinol were identified by HPLC/ESI-MS.These MAAs were better isolated with the C8 column and using methanol as re-dissolution solvents. Regarding total MAAs concentrations, no differences between the two solvents were found. The highest values were observed injecting them directly in the HPLC. According to these results, distilled water could be an excellent extraction solvent in the production of MAAs extracts and quantification of their total concentrations for different uses in the industry. Nevertheless, the extraction of MAAs using 20% methanol and re-dissolution in pure methanol after dryness is the best option to characterize and identify the most common MAAs in these red algae. Our results entail important implications regarding the use of red macroalgae as promising candidates as environment-friendly sources of natural sunscreens.
Figure 1. Extraction and re-dissolution protocols used to analyze mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs); 20% aqueous methanol was used as extraction solvent in M1, M2, M3, and M4. Distilled water was utilized as extraction solvent in W1, W2, and W3. Number 1 indicates HPLC analysis done without re-dissolution. Number 2: Re-dissolution in distilled water. Number 3: Re-dissolution in HPLC eluent. Number 4: Re-dissolution in pure methanol.
Figure 2. HPLC normalized chromatograms of MAAs identified in Pyropia leucosticta by seven methodological protocols using the Luna-C8 column. The code of protocol is indicated based on extraction and re-dissolution solvents used (see Figure 1 legend). Numbers indicate: 1 (palythine), 2 (asterina-330), 3 (palythinol), 4 (shinorine), 5 (porphyra-334), u (unidentifiable peak), and A (mixture of palythinol and shinorine).
Figure 3. HPLC normalized chromatograms of MAAs identified of Pyropia leucosticta by seven methodological protocols using the Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 C18 column. The code of protocol is indicated based on extraction and re-dissolution solvents used (see Figure 1 legend). Numbers indicate: 1 (palythine), 2 (asterina-330), 3 (palythinol), and B (mixed unidentifiable peaks).
Figure 4. Concentration of total MAAs (mg g−1 DW) of each species obtained by seven different protocols. The code of protocol is indicated based on extraction and re-dissolution solvents used (see Figure 1 legend). (A) Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. (B) Crassiphycus corneus. (C) Gracilariopsis longissima. (D) Pyropia leucosticta. Different letters indicate significant differences among MAA concentrations for each species.
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