Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Curr Top Dev Biol
2020 Jan 01;136:195-218. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.08.004.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Gastrulation in the sea urchin.
McClay DR
,
Warner J
,
Martik M
,
Miranda E
,
Slota L
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Gastrulation is arguably the most important evolutionary innovation in the animal kingdom. This process provides the basic embryonic architecture, an inner layer separated from an outer layer, from which all animal forms arise. An extraordinarily simple and elegant process of gastrulation is observed in the sea urchin embryo. The cells participating in sea urchin gastrulation are specified early during cleavage. One outcome of that specification is the expression of transcription factors that control each of the many subsequent morphogenetic changes. The first of these movements is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of skeletogenic mesenchyme cells, then EMT of pigment cell progenitors. Shortly thereafter, invagination of the archenteron occurs. At the end of archenteron extension, a second wave of EMT occurs to release immune cells into the blastocoel and primordial germ cells that will home to the coelomic pouches. The archenteron then remodels to establish the three parts of the gut, and at the anterior end, the gut fuses with the stomodaeum to form the through-gut. As part of the anterior remodeling, mesodermal coelomic pouches bud off the lateral sides of the archenteron tip. Multiple cell biological processes conduct each of these movements and in some cases the upstream transcription factors controlling this process have been identified. Remarkably, each event seamlessly occurs at the right time to orchestrate formation of the primitive body plan. This review covers progress toward understanding many of the molecular mechanisms underlying this sequence of morphogenetic events.
Beane,
RhoA regulates initiation of invagination, but not convergent extension, during sea urchin gastrulation.
2006, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Beane,
RhoA regulates initiation of invagination, but not convergent extension, during sea urchin gastrulation.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Bessodes,
Reciprocal signaling between the ectoderm and a mesendodermal left-right organizer directs left-right determination in the sea urchin embryo.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cameron,
Lineage and fate of each blastomere of the eight-cell sea urchin embryo.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Campanale,
Migration of sea urchin primordial germ cells.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ch Ho,
Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular immune response in the purple sea urchin larva.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cole,
Two ParaHox genes, SpLox and SpCdx, interact to partition the posterior endoderm in the formation of a functional gut.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Croce,
Dynamics of Delta/Notch signaling on endomesoderm segregation in the sea urchin embryo.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Croce,
Expression pattern of Brachyury in the embryo of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Davidson,
A provisional regulatory gene network for specification of endomesoderm in the sea urchin embryo.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Davidson,
Measurements of mechanical properties of the blastula wall reveal which hypothesized mechanisms of primary invagination are physically plausible in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Davidson,
A genomic regulatory network for development.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Davidson,
Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans.
2006,
Pubmed
Davidson,
How do sea urchins invaginate? Using biomechanics to distinguish between mechanisms of primary invagination.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Duboc,
Nodal and BMP2/4 signaling organizes the oral-aboral axis of the sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Duboc,
Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo is regulated by nodal signaling on the right side.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Duboc,
Nodal and BMP2/4 pattern the mesoderm and endoderm during development of the sea urchin embryo.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Duloquin,
Localized VEGF signaling from ectoderm to mesenchyme cells controls morphogenesis of the sea urchin embryo skeleton.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ettensohn,
Mechanisms of epithelial invagination.
1985,
Pubmed
Ettensohn,
KirrelL, a member of the Ig-domain superfamily of adhesion proteins, is essential for fusion of primary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ettensohn,
Gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo is accompanied by the rearrangement of invaginating epithelial cells.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gross,
The role of Brachyury (T) during gastrulation movements in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Guss,
Skeletal morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo: regulation of primary mesenchyme gene expression and skeletal rod growth by ectoderm-derived cues.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hardin,
Target recognition by the archenteron during sea urchin gastrulation.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hardin,
The behaviour and function of bottle cells during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis.
1988,
Pubmed
Hodor,
The dynamics and regulation of mesenchymal cell fusion in the sea urchin embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kimberly,
Bottle cells are required for the initiation of primary invagination in the sea urchin embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Krupke,
Eph and Ephrin function in dispersal and epithelial insertion of pigmented immunocytes in sea urchin embryos.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lane,
A role for regulated secretion of apical extracellular matrix during epithelial invagination in the sea urchin.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Li,
Direct and indirect control of oral ectoderm regulatory gene expression by Nodal signaling in the sea urchin embryo.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Li,
Encoding regulatory state boundaries in the pregastrular oral ectoderm of the sea urchin embryo.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Logan,
The allocation of early blastomeres to the ectoderm and endoderm is variable in the sea urchin embryo.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Logan,
Nuclear beta-catenin is required to specify vegetal cell fates in the sea urchin embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lyons,
Specification to biomineralization: following a single cell type as it constructs a skeleton.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Malinda,
Primary mesenchyme cell migration in the sea urchin embryo: distribution of directional cues.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martik,
Deployment of a retinal determination gene network drives directed cell migration in the sea urchin embryo.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Martik,
New insights from a high-resolution look at gastrulation in the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Materna,
Diversification of oral and aboral mesodermal regulatory states in pregastrular sea urchin embryos.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
McIntyre,
Branching out: origins of the sea urchin larval skeleton in development and evolution.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Miller,
Characterization of the role of cadherin in regulating cell adhesion during sea urchin development.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Oliveri,
Activation of pmar1 controls specification of micromeres in the sea urchin embryo.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Oliveri,
Repression of mesodermal fate by foxa, a key endoderm regulator of the sea urchin embryo.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Oliveri,
Global regulatory logic for specification of an embryonic cell lineage.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Perillo,
A pancreatic exocrine-like cell regulatory circuit operating in the upper stomach of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus larva.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Peter,
Assessing regulatory information in developmental gene regulatory networks.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Peter,
A gene regulatory network controlling the embryonic specification of endoderm.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Peter,
The endoderm gene regulatory network in sea urchin embryos up to mid-blastula stage.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Piacentino,
Late Alk4/5/7 signaling is required for anterior skeletal patterning in sea urchin embryos.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Piacentino,
Zygotic LvBMP5-8 is required for skeletal patterning and for left-right but not dorsal-ventral specification in the sea urchin embryo.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rafiq,
Genome-wide analysis of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network of sea urchins.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rafiq,
The genomic regulatory control of skeletal morphogenesis in the sea urchin.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ransick,
cis-regulatory processing of Notch signaling input to the sea urchin glial cells missing gene during mesoderm specification.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ransick,
Cis-regulatory logic driving glial cells missing: self-sustaining circuitry in later embryogenesis.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Revilla-i-Domingo,
A missing link in the sea urchin embryo gene regulatory network: hesC and the double-negative specification of micromeres.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Robert,
A comprehensive survey of wnt and frizzled expression in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Röttinger,
FGF signals guide migration of mesenchymal cells, control skeletal morphogenesis [corrected] and regulate gastrulation during sea urchin development.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Saudemont,
Ancestral regulatory circuits governing ectoderm patterning downstream of Nodal and BMP2/4 revealed by gene regulatory network analysis in an echinoderm.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Saunders,
Sub-circuits of a gene regulatory network control a developmental epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sethi,
Gene regulatory network interactions in sea urchin endomesoderm induction.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sethi,
Sequential signaling crosstalk regulates endomesoderm segregation in sea urchin embryos.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sharma,
Activation of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network in the early sea urchin embryo.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sherwood,
LvNotch signaling mediates secondary mesenchyme specification in the sea urchin embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sherwood,
Identification and localization of a sea urchin Notch homologue: insights into vegetal plate regionalization and Notch receptor regulation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Su,
A perturbation model of the gene regulatory network for oral and aboral ectoderm specification in the sea urchin embryo.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sweet,
LvDelta is a mesoderm-inducing signal in the sea urchin embryo and can endow blastomeres with organizer-like properties.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Walton,
Hedgehog signaling patterns mesoderm in the sea urchin.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Warner,
Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo: BMP and the asymmetrical origins of the adult.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Warner,
Contribution of hedgehog signaling to the establishment of left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wu,
The Snail repressor is required for PMC ingression in the sea urchin embryo.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wu,
Twist is an essential regulator of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network in the sea urchin embryo.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yajima,
Small micromeres contribute to the germline in the sea urchin.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
