ECB-ART-42582
Development
2012 Oct 01;13920:3786-94. doi: 10.1242/dev.082230.
Autonomy in specification of primordial germ cells and their passive translocation in the sea urchin.
Yajima M
,
Wessel GM
.
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The process of germ line determination involves many conserved genes, yet is highly variable. Echinoderms are positioned at the base of Deuterostomia and are crucial to understanding these evolutionary transitions, yet the mechanism of germ line specification is not known in any member of the phyla. Here we demonstrate that small
micromeres (SMics), which are formed at the fifth cell division of the sea urchin
embryo , illustrate many typical features of
primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. SMics autonomously express germ line genes in isolated culture, including selective
Vasa protein accumulation and transcriptional activation of nanos; their descendants are passively displaced towards the
animal pole by
secondary mesenchyme cells and the elongating
archenteron during gastrulation;
Cadherin (G form) has an important role in their development and clustering phenotype; and a left/right integration into the future adult anlagen appears to be controlled by a late developmental mechanism. These results suggest that sea urchin SMics share many more characteristics typical of PGCs than previously thought, and imply a more widely conserved system of germ line development among metazoans.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
22991443
???displayArticle.pmcLink???
PMC3445309
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Development
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[+]
Genes referenced:
ddx4
LOC100887844
LOC100891456
LOC115919910
LOC594236
pole
???displayArticle.morpholinos???
pqlc2l MO1
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