Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Mol Cell Biol
1992 Feb 01;122:650-60. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.2.650-660.1992.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Characterization of two developmentally regulated sea urchin U2 small nuclear RNA promoters: a common required TATA sequence and independent proximal and distal elements.
Stefanovic B
,
Marzluff WF
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The promoters of two U2 small nuclear RNA genes isolated from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus were mapped by microinjection of genes into sea urchin zygotes. One gene, LvU2E, is expressed only in oocytes and embryos and is found in a tandemly repeated gene set, while the other gene, LvU2L, is a single-copy gene and is expressed in embryos and somatic cells. The promoters each contain a TATA sequence at -25 which is required for expression, a proximal sequence element (PSE) centered at -55 required for expression, a sequence at -100 which couples the core promoter (PSE plus TATA box) to the upstream element, and an upstream sequence which stimulates expression fourfold. The PSE together with the TATA sequence is sufficient to determine the transcription start site. There is no sequence similarity between the -100 and PSE sequences of the two genes. The -100 sequences can be interchanged between the two genes. The LvU2E PSE functions in the context of the LvU2L gene, but the LvU2L PSE functions poorly in the context of the LvU2E gene.
Ares,
Orientation-dependent transcriptional activator upstream of a human U2 snRNA gene.
1985, Pubmed
Ares,
Orientation-dependent transcriptional activator upstream of a human U2 snRNA gene.
1985,
Pubmed
Beck,
Drosophila melanogaster U1 and U2 small nuclear RNA genes contain common flanking sequences.
1984,
Pubmed
Carbon,
A common octamer motif binding protein is involved in the transcription of U6 snRNA by RNA polymerase III and U2 snRNA by RNA polymerase II.
1987,
Pubmed
Colin,
Closely linked early and late histone H2B genes are differentially expressed after microinjection into sea urchin zygotes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Das,
Upstream regulatory elements are necessary and sufficient for transcription of a U6 RNA gene by RNA polymerase III.
1988,
Pubmed
Hernandez,
Elements required for transcription initiation of the human U2 snRNA gene coincide with elements required for snRNA 3' end formation.
1988,
Pubmed
Hernandez,
Formation of the 3' end of U1 snRNA requires compatible snRNA promoter elements.
1986,
Pubmed
Kunkel,
U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III.
1986,
Pubmed
Kunkel,
Upstream elements required for efficient transcription of a human U6 RNA gene resemble those of U1 and U2 genes even though a different polymerase is used.
1988,
Pubmed
Kunkel,
Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection.
1985,
Pubmed
Lescure,
The different positioning of the proximal sequence element in the Xenopus RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters is a key determinant which confers RNA polymerase III specificity.
1991,
Pubmed
Lobo,
A 7 bp mutation converts a human RNA polymerase II snRNA promoter into an RNA polymerase III promoter.
1989,
Pubmed
Lobo,
cis-acting elements required for RNA polymerase II and III transcription in the human U2 and U6 snRNA promoters.
1990,
Pubmed
Lobo,
The cloned RNA polymerase II transcription factor IID selects RNA polymerase III to transcribe the human U6 gene in vitro.
1991,
Pubmed
Margottin,
Participation of the TATA factor in transcription of the yeast U6 gene by RNA polymerase C.
1991,
Pubmed
Mattaj,
Changing the RNA polymerase specificity of U snRNA gene promoters.
1988,
Pubmed
McMahon,
Introduction of cloned DNA into sea urchin egg cytoplasm: replication and persistence during embryogenesis.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Murphy,
Purified octamer binding transcription factors stimulate RNA polymerase III--mediated transcription of the 7SK RNA gene.
1989,
Pubmed
Murphy,
The in vitro transcription of the 7SK RNA gene by RNA polymerase III is dependent only on the presence of an upstream promoter.
1987,
Pubmed
Neuman de Vegvar,
Initiation and termination of human U1 RNA transcription requires the concerted action of multiple flanking elements.
1989,
Pubmed
Parry,
The Xenopus U2 gene PSE is a single, compact, element required for transcription initiation and 3' end formation.
1989,
Pubmed
Reddy,
The capped U6 small nuclear RNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III.
1987,
Pubmed
Saba,
Isolation and characterization of two putative full-length Drosophila U4 small nuclear RNA genes.
1986,
Pubmed
Simmen,
TFIID is required for in vitro transcription of the human U6 gene by RNA polymerase III.
1991,
Pubmed
Simmen,
Complex requirements for RNA polymerase III transcription of the Xenopus U6 promoter.
1990,
Pubmed
Skuzeski,
Synthesis of human U1 RNA. II. Identification of two regions of the promoter essential for transcription initiation at position +1.
1984,
Pubmed
Southgate,
In vivo and in vitro expression of U7 snRNA genes: cis- and trans-acting elements required for RNA polymerase II-directed transcription.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Stefanovic,
Isolation and characterization of developmentally regulated sea urchin U2 snRNA genes.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Strub,
Genetic complementation in the Xenopus oocyte: co-expression of sea urchin histone and U7 RNAs restores 3' processing of H3 pre-mRNA in the oocyte.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Tanaka,
Activation of the U2 snRNA promoter by the octamer motif defines a new class of RNA polymerase II enhancer elements.
1988,
Pubmed
Tebb,
Positionally exact initiation is required for the formation of a stable RNA polymerase II transcription complex in vivo.
1988,
Pubmed
Thomas,
The spliceosomal snRNAs of Caenorhabditis elegans.
1990,
Pubmed
Vankan,
A U-snRNA gene-specific upstream element and a -30 'TATA box' are required for transcription of the U2 snRNA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana.
1989,
Pubmed
Waibel,
RNA-polymerase specificity of transcription of Arabidopsis U snRNA genes determined by promoter element spacing.
1990,
Pubmed
Waibel,
U6 snRNA genes of Arabidopsis are transcribed by RNA polymerase III but contain the same two upstream promoter elements as RNA polymerase II-transcribed U-snRNA genes.
1990,
Pubmed
Yu,
Structure and expression of a second sea urchin U1 RNA gene repeat.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yu,
The U1 snRNA gene repeat from the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus): the 70 kilobase tandem repeat ends directly 3' to a U1 gene.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
