Guryanova SV , Ovchinnikova TV .

22-14-00380 Russian Science Foundation

	Figure 1. Structures of TLRs. Leucine-rich repeat extracellular domain (LRR), membrane spanning transmembrane domain (MB), and cytoplasmic domain (TIR). LRR domains containing cysteine residues in the C-terminal part (LRRCT) are depicted as yellow triangles. LRR domains containing cysteine residues in the N-terminal part (LRRNT) are depicted as pink triangles. V-type TLRs have only one LRRCT (single cysteine cluster) located next to the TIR domain; P-type TLRs have more than one LRRCT and sometimes an LRRNT (multiple cysteine cluster) domain.
	Figure 2. NLR family. The NLR family is subdivided into the following four subgroups: NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, and NLRP, depending on the nature of the N-terminal domain, consisting of the transactivation domain (AD), the baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR), the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD), and the pyrine domain, respectively. (PYD). The FIND domain is also present in NLRP1. PYD and CARD are death domains (DD) that appear to mediate homotypic domain interactions. LRR domains represented as circles.
	Figure 3. RIG-I-like receptor (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptors, RLRs) family: retinoic-acid inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2); melanoma differentiation-associated 5 (MDA5). All RLRs have a central helicase domain. C-terminal domain (CTD) and the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) may be also present.
	Figure 4. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Soluble CLRs have several carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) and have no transmembrane domain. Type I CLRs include several CRD or CRD-like domains, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Type II CLRs have one CRD, transmembrane and different cytoplasmic domains.

Anderson, Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: genetic studies on the role of the Toll gene product. 1985, Pubmed

Anderson, Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: genetic studies on the role of the Toll gene product. 1985, Pubmed
Arora, Beyond Host Defense: Deregulation of Drosophila Immunity and Age-Dependent Neurodegeneration. 2020, Pubmed
Balseiro, Mytilus galloprovincialis myticin C: a chemotactic molecule with antiviral activity and immunoregulatory properties. 2011, Pubmed
Barela Hudgell, Sequence Diversity, Locus Structure, and Evolutionary History of the SpTransformer Genes in the Sea Urchin Genome. 2021, Pubmed , Echinobase
Battistuzzi, A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution: insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land. 2004, Pubmed
Beck, Immunity and the invertebrates. 1996, Pubmed
Bej, LRRsearch: An asynchronous server-based application for the prediction of leucine-rich repeat motifs and an integrative database of NOD-like receptors. 2014, Pubmed
Bent, RPS2 of Arabidopsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes. 1994, Pubmed
Bhattacharyya, Endogenous ligands of TLR4 promote unresolving tissue fibrosis: Implications for systemic sclerosis and its targeted therapy. 2018, Pubmed
Bilak, Toll and Toll-like receptors in Drosophila. 2003, Pubmed
Bosch, Uncovering the evolutionary history of innate immunity: the simple metazoan Hydra uses epithelial cells for host defence. 2009, Pubmed
Bosch, Rethinking the role of immunity: lessons from Hydra. 2014, Pubmed
Boue, Enhancement of COPD biological networks using a web-based collaboration interface. 2015, Pubmed
Brubaker, Innate immune pattern recognition: a cell biological perspective. 2015, Pubmed
Carey, The enhanceosome and transcriptional synergy. 1998, Pubmed
Charlet, Innate immunity. Isolation of several cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides from the blood of a mollusc, Mytilus edulis. 1996, Pubmed
Corey, Developmental cell death programs license cytotoxic cells to eliminate histocompatible partners. 2016, Pubmed
Dambuza, C-type lectins in immunity: recent developments. 2015, Pubmed
Del Fresno, Flexible Signaling of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Inflammation. 2018, Pubmed
Destoumieux, Recombinant expression and range of activity of penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides from penaeid shrimp. 1999, Pubmed
De Tomaso, Sea squirts and immune tolerance. 2009, Pubmed
de Wit, Role of leucine-rich repeat proteins in the development and function of neural circuits. 2011, Pubmed
Diebold, Activation of dendritic cells by toll-like receptors and C-type lectins. 2009, Pubmed
Ebert, Negative Growth and Longevity in the Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson). 1967, Pubmed , Echinobase
Feng, MDA5 detects the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirus-infected cells. 2012, Pubmed
Ganguly, Interplay between C-type lectin receptors and microRNAs in cellular homeostasis and immune response. 2021, Pubmed
Geijtenbeek, Signalling through C-type lectin receptors: shaping immune responses. 2009, Pubmed
Goldstein, Botryllus schlosseri as a Unique Colonial Chordate Model for the Study and Modulation of Innate Immune Activity. 2021, Pubmed
Gorshkova, Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia kristensenii O:25.35. 1993, Pubmed
Guryanova, Immunomodulatory and Allergenic Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides. 2022, Pubmed
Guryanova, sbv IMPROVER: Modern Approach to Systems Biology. 2017, Pubmed
Guryanova, Pathogenetic Therapy of Psoriasis by Muramyl Peptide. 2019, Pubmed
Guryanova, Strategies for Using Muramyl Peptides - Modulators of Innate Immunity of Bacterial Origin - in Medicine. 2021, Pubmed
Hancock, Host defence peptides from invertebrates--emerging antimicrobial strategies. 2006, Pubmed
Hannun, Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. 2008, Pubmed
Hedges, A genomic timescale for the origin of eukaryotes. 2001, Pubmed
Hibino, The immune gene repertoire encoded in the purple sea urchin genome. 2006, Pubmed , Echinobase
Hildemann, Immunocompetence in the lowest metazoan phylum: transplantation immunity in sponges. 1979, Pubmed
Hong, Experimental Induction of Bacterial Resistance to the Antimicrobial Peptide Tachyplesin I and Investigation of the Resistance Mechanisms. 2016, Pubmed
Hotaling, Toward a genome sequence for every animal: Where are we now? 2021, Pubmed
Huang, Characterization of the Mollusc RIG-I/MAVS Pathway Reveals an Archaic Antiviral Signalling Framework in Invertebrates. 2017, Pubmed
Islam, The mysterious nature of bacterial surface (gliding) motility: A focal adhesion-based mechanism in Myxococcus xanthus. 2015, Pubmed
Ji, Mannose-binding lectin binds to Ebola and Marburg envelope glycoproteins, resulting in blocking of virus interaction with DC-SIGN and complement-mediated virus neutralization. 2005, Pubmed
Kalia, The ambiguous role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in human immunity. 2021, Pubmed
Khalturin, Urochordates and the origin of natural killer cells: identification of a CD94/NKR-P1-related receptor in blood cells of Botryllus. 2003, Pubmed
Kingeter, C-type lectin receptor-induced NF-κB activation in innate immune and inflammatory responses. 2012, Pubmed
Krenev, Antimicrobial Peptide Arenicin-1 Derivative Ar-1-(C/A) as Complement System Modulator. 2020, Pubmed
Kuzmin, In Vitro Study of Antitumor Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide Tachyplesin I in Combination with Cisplatin. 2018, Pubmed
Lang, Searching the Evolutionary Origin of Epithelial Mucus Protein Components-Mucins and FCGBP. 2016, Pubmed
Lange, Defining the origins of the NOD-like receptor system at the base of animal evolution. 2011, Pubmed
Lee, Clavaspirin, an antibacterial and haemolytic peptide from Styela clava. 2001, Pubmed
Lee, Clavanins, alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides from tunicate hemocytes. 1997, Pubmed
Lee, Styelins, broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides from the solitary tunicate, Styela clava. 1997, Pubmed
Lee, Dicynthaurin: an antimicrobial peptide from hemocytes of the solitary tunicate, Halocynthia aurantium. 2001, Pubmed
Leifer, Molecular mechanisms of regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. 2016, Pubmed
Lemaitre, The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults. 1996, Pubmed
Li, Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Tachyplesin I Targets in U251 Gliomaspheres. 2017, Pubmed
Li, Roles of PRR-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Diseases. 2021, Pubmed
Li, The RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 recognizes the termini of double-stranded RNA. 2009, Pubmed
Lim, Toll-like receptor signaling. 2013, Pubmed
Longo, The conservation and diversity of ascidian cells and molecules involved in the inflammatory reaction: The Ciona robusta model. 2021, Pubmed
L'vov, [The structure of a repetitive unit of the glycerolphosphate- containing O-specific polysaccharide chain from Yersinia kristensenii strain 103 (0:12,26) lipopolysaccharide]. 1990, Pubmed
Macdonald, T cell allorecognition via molecular mimicry. 2009, Pubmed
Maceyka, Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and its role in disease. 2012, Pubmed
Manapova, [Cytopenias and their correction during antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients with genotype 1]. 2017, Pubmed
Marggraf, Cytotoxic Potential of the Novel Horseshoe Crab Peptide Polyphemusin III. 2018, Pubmed
Matzinger, Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. 1994, Pubmed
Medzhitov, A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity. 1997, Pubmed
Melillo, Innate Immune Memory in Invertebrate Metazoans: A Critical Appraisal. 2018, Pubmed
Meunier, Evolutionary Convergence and Divergence in NLR Function and Structure. 2017, Pubmed
Michel, Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. 2001, Pubmed
Milán, The LRR proteins capricious and Tartan mediate cell interactions during DV boundary formation in the Drosophila wing. 2001, Pubmed
Mitta, Myticin, a novel cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide isolated from haemocytes and plasma of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. 1999, Pubmed
Mitta, Mussel defensins are synthesised and processed in granulocytes then released into the plasma after bacterial challenge. 1999, Pubmed
Motta, NOD-like receptors: versatile cytosolic sentinels. 2015, Pubmed , Echinobase
Mukherjee, Ancient origins of vertebrate-specific innate antiviral immunity. 2014, Pubmed
Nakamura, Tachyplesin, a class of antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). Isolation and chemical structure. 1988, Pubmed
Namasivayam, Community-Reviewed Biological Network Models for Toxicology and Drug Discovery Applications. 2016, Pubmed
Nie, Toll-Like Receptors, Associated Biological Roles, and Signaling Networks in Non-Mammals. 2018, Pubmed
Orús-Alcalde, The evolution of the metazoan Toll receptor family and its expression during protostome development. 2021, Pubmed
Ovchinnikova, Molecular insight into mechanism of antimicrobial action of the beta-hairpin peptide arenicin: specific oligomerization in detergent micelles. 2008, Pubmed
Ovchinnikova, Purification and primary structure of two isoforms of arenicin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from marine polychaeta Arenicola marina. 2004, Pubmed
Ovchinnikova, Aurelin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from jellyfish Aurelia aurita with structural features of defensins and channel-blocking toxins. 2006, Pubmed
Pan, Perinerin, a novel antimicrobial peptide purified from the clamworm Perinereis aibuhitensis grube and its partial characterization. 2004, Pubmed
Panteleev, Structure Elucidation and Functional Studies of a Novel β-hairpin Antimicrobial Peptide from the Marine Polychaeta Capitella teleta. 2020, Pubmed
Panteleev, Dimerization of the antimicrobial peptide arenicin plays a key role in the cytotoxicity but not in the antibacterial activity. 2017, Pubmed
Panteleev, Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Arctic Polychaeta Nicomache minor Provide New Molecular Insight into Biological Role of the BRICHOS Domain. 2018, Pubmed
Parfrey, Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks. 2011, Pubmed
Paro, Sensing viral RNAs by Dicer/RIG-I like ATPases across species. 2015, Pubmed
Pei, Cellular stress promotes NOD1/2-dependent inflammation via the endogenous metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate. 2021, Pubmed
Rast, Marine invertebrate genome sequences and our evolving understanding of animal immunity. 2008, Pubmed , Echinobase
Rechkina, [Epitope mapping of antigenic determinants of hepatitis C virus proteins by phage display]. 2006, Pubmed
Robinson, Myeloid C-type lectins in innate immunity. 2006, Pubmed
Rock, A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll. 1998, Pubmed
Rosenstiel, NOD-like receptors: ancient sentinels of the innate immune system. 2008, Pubmed
Rosental, Complex mammalian-like haematopoietic system found in a colonial chordate. 2018, Pubmed
Rosental, Evolutionary perspective on the hematopoietic system through a colonial chordate: allogeneic immunity and hematopoiesis. 2020, Pubmed
Safronova, Novel β-Hairpin Peptide from Marine Polychaeta with a High Efficacy against Gram-Negative Pathogens. 2022, Pubmed
Safronova, Mechanism of Action and Therapeutic Potential of the β-Hairpin Antimicrobial Peptide Capitellacin from the Marine Polychaeta Capitella teleta. 2022, Pubmed
Samuel, Antiviral actions of interferons. 2001, Pubmed
Sato, Genes encoding putative natural killer cell C-type lectin receptors in teleostean fishes. 2003, Pubmed
Sattler, Evolutionary development and expression pattern of the myeloid lectin-like receptor gene family encoded within the NK gene complex. 2010, Pubmed
Sattler, Evolution of the C-type lectin-like receptor genes of the DECTIN-1 cluster in the NK gene complex. 2012, Pubmed
Schaefer, Extracellular matrix molecules: endogenous danger signals as new drug targets in kidney diseases. 2010, Pubmed
Schlee, Recognition of 5' triphosphate by RIG-I helicase requires short blunt double-stranded RNA as contained in panhandle of negative-strand virus. 2009, Pubmed
Schröder, The Origin of Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Holobiont Hydra. 2016, Pubmed
Scofield, Protochordate allorecognition is controlled by a MHC-like gene system. 1982, Pubmed
Sekiguchi, The Calcitonin/Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Family in Invertebrate Deuterostomes. 2018, Pubmed
Sekiguchi, Calcitonin in a protochordate, Ciona intestinalis--the prototype of the vertebrate calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide superfamily. 2009, Pubmed
Seth, Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-kappaB and IRF 3. 2005, Pubmed
Shenkarev, Recombinant expression and solution structure of antimicrobial peptide aurelin from jellyfish Aurelia aurita. 2012, Pubmed
Silva, Clavanin A improves outcome of complications from different bacterial infections. 2015, Pubmed
Sonthi, Gene expression specificity of the mussel antifungal mytimycin (MytM). 2012, Pubmed
Sousa, Toll-Like Receptor Evolution: Does Temperature Matter? 2022, Pubmed
Sychev, Marine antimicrobial peptide arenicin adopts a monomeric twisted β-hairpin structure and forms low conductivity pores in zwitterionic lipid bilayers. 2017, Pubmed
Taketa, Botryllus schlosseri allorecognition: tackling the enigma. 2015, Pubmed
Tasiemski, Hedistin: A novel antimicrobial peptide containing bromotryptophan constitutively expressed in the NK cells-like of the marine annelid, Nereis diversicolor. 2007, Pubmed
Tauszig, Toll-related receptors and the control of antimicrobial peptide expression in Drosophila. 2000, Pubmed
Tincu, Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates. 2004, Pubmed
Tincu, Plicatamide, an antimicrobial octapeptide from Styela plicata hemocytes. 2003, Pubmed
Ting, The NLR gene family: a standard nomenclature. 2008, Pubmed
Umnyakova, Modulation of Human Complement System by Antimicrobial Peptide Arenicin-1 from Arenicola marina. 2018, Pubmed
van Asbeck, Mannose binding lectin plays a crucial role in innate immunity against yeast by enhanced complement activation and enhanced uptake of polymorphonuclear cells. 2008, Pubmed
van Boxel-Dezaire, Complex modulation of cell type-specific signaling in response to type I interferons. 2006, Pubmed
van der Burg, Insights into the innate immunome of actiniarians using a comparative genomic approach. 2016, Pubmed
van Kan, The peptide antibiotic clavanin A interacts strongly and specifically with lipid bilayers. 2003, Pubmed
Voskoboynik, Identification of a colonial chordate histocompatibility gene. 2013, Pubmed
Wang, Identification and characterization of a novel defensin from Asian green mussel Perna viridis. 2018, Pubmed
Wenger, Injury-induced immune responses in Hydra. 2014, Pubmed
West, TLR signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through mitochondrial ROS. 2011, Pubmed
Wu, Marine Invertebrate Peptides: Antimicrobial Peptides. 2021, Pubmed
Yamasaki, Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged cells. 2008, Pubmed
Yang, A defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum: Investigation of the antibacterial activities and mode of action. 2018, Pubmed
Yang, A critical cysteine is required for HMGB1 binding to Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of macrophage cytokine release. 2010, Pubmed
Yao, Divergences of the RLR Gene Families across Lophotrochozoans: Domain Grafting, Exon-Intron Structure, Expression, and Positive Selection. 2022, Pubmed
Yoneyama, RNA recognition and signal transduction by RIG-I-like receptors. 2009, Pubmed
Yoneyama, Cytoplasmic recognition of RNA. 2008, Pubmed
Yue, Tracing the origin and evolutionary history of plant nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes. 2012, Pubmed
Yuen, The characterization of sponge NLRs provides insight into the origin and evolution of this innate immune gene family in animals. 2014, Pubmed
Zárate-Potes, The putative immune recognition repertoire of the model cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus is large and diverse. 2019, Pubmed
Zelensky, The C-type lectin-like domain superfamily. 2005, Pubmed
Zhang, The first invertebrate RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) homolog gene in the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. 2014, Pubmed
Zhang, Identification and bioactivity analysis of a newly identified defensin from the oyster Magallana gigas. 2018, Pubmed
Zhong, Functions of NOD-Like Receptors in Human Diseases. 2013, Pubmed