Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
We have investigated the role of protein phosphorylation in the control of exocytosis in sea urchin eggs by treating eggs with a thio-analogue of ATP. ATP gamma S (adenosine 5''-O-3-thiotriphosphate) is a compound which can be used as a phosphoryl donor by protein kinases, leading to irreversible protein thiophosphorylation (Gratecos, D., and E.H. Fischer. 1974. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 58:960-967). Microinjection of ATP gamma S inhibits cortical granule exocytosis, but has no effect on the sperm-egg signal transduction mechanisms which normally cause exocytosis by generating an increase in [Ca2+]i. ATP gamma S requires cytosolic factors for its inhibition of cortical granule exocytosis: it does not affect exocytosis when applied directly to the isolated exocytotic apparatus. Our data suggest that ATP gamma S irreversibly inhibits exocytosis via thiophosphorylation of proteins associated with the egg cortex. We have identified two thiophosphorylated proteins (33 and 27 kD) that are associated with the isolated exocytotic apparatus. They may mediate the inhibition of exocytosis by ATP gamma S. In addition, we show that okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphoprotein phosphatases, prevents cortical granule exocytosis at fertilization without affecting calcium mobilization. Like ATP gamma S, okadaic acid has no effect on exocytosis in vitro. Our results suggest that an inhibitory phosphoprotein can obstruct calcium-stimulated exocytosis in sea urchin eggs; on the other hand, they do not readily support the idea that a protein phosphatase is an essential component of the mechanism controlling exocytosis.
Ahnert-Hilger,
Further characterization of dopamine release by permeabilized PC12 cells.
1987, Pubmed
Ahnert-Hilger,
Further characterization of dopamine release by permeabilized PC12 cells.
1987,
Pubmed Baker,
Influence of ATP and calcium on the cortical reaction in sea urchin eggs.
1978,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Bialojan,
Inhibitory effect of a marine-sponge toxin, okadaic acid, on protein phosphatases. Specificity and kinetics.
1988,
Pubmed Brooks,
Protein thiophosphorylation associated with secretory inhibition in permeabilized chromaffin cells.
1985,
Pubmed Brooks,
Thiophosphorylation prevents catecholamine secretion by chemically skinned chromaffin cells.
1984,
Pubmed Chambers,
Membrane potential, action potential and activation potential of eggs of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Chandler,
Exocytosis in vitro: ultrastructure of the isolated sea urchin egg cortex as seen in platinum replicas.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Chandler,
High molecular weight polymers block cortical granule exocytosis in sea urchin eggs at the level of granule matrix disassembly.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Cobbold,
Calcium transients in single adrenal chromaffin cells detected with aequorin.
1987,
Pubmed Cockcroft,
Two G-proteins act in series to control stimulus-secretion coupling in mast cells: use of neomycin to distinguish between G-proteins controlling polyphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase and exocytosis.
1987,
Pubmed Cohen,
Okadaic acid: a new probe for the study of cellular regulation.
1990,
Pubmed Crabb,
In vitro reconstitution of exocytosis from plasma membrane and isolated secretory vesicles.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Crossley,
Activation of sea urchin eggs by inositol phosphates is independent of external calcium.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Decker,
Characterization of cortical secretory vesicles from the sea urchin egg.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Gilligan,
Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and stimulus-secretion coupling in wild type and mutant Paramecium.
1982,
Pubmed Gratecos,
Adenosine 5'-O(3-thiotriphosphate) in the control of phosphorylase activity.
1974,
Pubmed Haystead,
Effects of the tumour promoter okadaic acid on intracellular protein phosphorylation and metabolism.
1989,
Pubmed Hinkley,
Rapid visual detection of sperm-egg fusion using the DNA-specific fluorochrome Hoechst 33342.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Holz,
MgATP-independent and MgATP-dependent exocytosis. Evidence that MgATP primes adrenal chromaffin cells to undergo exocytosis.
1989,
Pubmed Howell,
Protein phosphorylation and the dependence on Ca2+ and GTP-gamma-S for exocytosis from permeabilised mast cells.
1989,
Pubmed Knight,
Evoked transient intracellular free Ca2+ changes and secretion in isolated bovine adrenal medullary cells.
1983,
Pubmed Laemmli,
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
1970,
Pubmed Longo,
Correlative ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies of sperm-egg interactions of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Longo,
Fertilization: a comparative ultrastructural review.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase McLaughlin,
Cations that alter surface potentials of lipid bilayers increase the calcium requirement for exocytosis in sea urchin eggs.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Momayezi,
Exocytosis induction in Paramecium tetraurelia cells by exogenous phosphoprotein phosphatase in vivo and in vitro: possible involvement of calcineurin in exocytotic membrane fusion.
1987,
Pubmed Moy,
Calcium-mediated release of glucanase activity from cortical granules of sea urchin eggs.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Poenie,
Changes of free calcium levels with stages of the cell division cycle.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Rorsman,
Dual effects of glucose on the cytosolic Ca2+ activity of mouse pancreatic beta-cells.
1984,
Pubmed Sasaki,
Cortical vesicle exocytosis in isolated cortices of sea urchin eggs: description of a turbidometric assay and its utilization in studying effects of different media on discharge.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Satir,
Species distribution of a phosphoprotein (parafusin) involved in exocytosis.
1989,
Pubmed Stecher,
Involvement of a 65 kDa phosphoprotein in the regulation of membrane fusion during exocytosis in Paramecium cells.
1987,
Pubmed Steinhardt,
Calmodulin confers calcium sensitivity on secretory exocytosis.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Stewart,
Discovery of a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase: probable identity with calcineurin (CaM-BP80).
1982,
Pubmed Swann,
The part played by inositol trisphosphate and calcium in the propagation of the fertilization wave in sea urchin eggs.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Swezey,
Enzyme stimulation upon fertilization is revealed in electrically permeabilized sea urchin eggs.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Tatham,
ATP inhibits onset of exocytosis in permeabilised mast cells.
1989,
Pubmed Vacquier,
The isolation of intact cortical granules from sea urchin eggs: calcium lons trigger granule discharge.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Vilmart-Seuwen,
ATP keeps exocytosis sites in a primed state but is not required for membrane fusion: an analysis with Paramecium cells in vivo and in vitro.
1986,
Pubmed Wagner,
Thiophosphorylation causes Ca2+-independent norepinephrine secretion from permeabilized PC12 cells.
1989,
Pubmed Whalley,
Exocytosis reconstituted from the sea urchin egg is unaffected by calcium pretreatment of granules and plasma membrane.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Whitaker,
Ionic regulation of egg activation.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Whitaker,
Calcium-dependent polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis is associated with exocytosis in vitro.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Whitaker,
How calcium may cause exocytosis in sea urchin eggs.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Whitaker,
Calcium-dependent exocytosis in an in vitro secretory granule plasma membrane preparation from sea urchin eggs and the effects of some inhibitors of cytoskeletal function.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yount,
Adenylyl imidodiphosphate, an adenosine triphosphate analog containing a P--N--P linkage.
1971,
Pubmed Zieseniss,
Synchronous exocytosis in Paramecium cells involves very rapid (less than or equal to 1 s), reversible dephosphorylation of a 65-kD phosphoprotein in exocytosis-competent strains.
1985,
Pubmed Zimmerberg,
Irreversible swelling of secretory granules during exocytosis caused by calcium.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
