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Mar Drugs
2019 Jul 25;178:. doi: 10.3390/md17080438.
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Zinc-Chelating Mechanism of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus)-Derived Synthetic Peptides.
Liu X
,
Wang Z
,
Yin F
,
Liu Y
,
Qin N
,
Nakamura Y
,
Shahidi F
,
Yu C
,
Zhou D
,
Zhu B
.
Abstract
In this study, three synthetic zinc-chelating peptides (ZCPs) derived from sea cucumber hydrolysates with limited or none of the common metal-chelating amino-acid residues were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, zeta-potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The amount of zinc bound to the ZCPs reached maximum values with ZCP:zinc at 1:1, and it was not further increased by additional zinc presence. The secondary structures of ZCPs were slightly altered, whereas no formation of multimers was observed. Furthermore, zinc increased the zeta-potential value by neutralizing the negatively charged residues. Only free carboxyl in C-terminus of ZCPs was identified as the primary binding site of zinc. These results provide the theoretical foundation to understand the mechanism of zinc chelation by peptides.
Figure 2. (A). Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of ZCPs and ZCP-zinc complexes. (B). Statistical analysis data of CD spectra. (C–E). Molecular weight distribution of ZCPs and ZCP-zinc complexes determined by Raman chromatography (SEC). Values presented are the mean of triplicate analyses.
Figure 3. (A). Zeta-potential of ZCPs and ZCP-zinc complexes. (B–D). FTIR spectra of ZCPs and ZCP-zinc complexes. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences among fractions (p < 0.05). Values presented are the mean of triplicate analyses.
Figure 4. (A–C) Raman spectroscopy of ZCPs and ZCP-zinc complexes.
Figure 5. (A–C). 13C NMR spectra of ZCPs and ZCP-zinc complexes. (D–F). 1H NMR spectra of ZCPs (with or without D2O) and ZCP-zinc complexes.
Figure 6. Schematic model of proposed chelation of sea cucumber-derived peptides with zinc.
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