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Fig. 1. Phylogrammes showing generic relationships in the terminal
Fusarium clade inferred from partial sequences of the second largest
subunit of the RNA polymerase II and the larger subunit of ATP citrate lyase
gene exons using Nectria cf. cinnabarina as outgroup. A.
Majority rule consensus tree of a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling.
B. One of 145 equally parsimonious trees. Numbers above branches are Bayesian
posterior probabilities multiplied by 100 (p.p. > 90 are shown); those
below lines are parsimony bootstrap proportions (> 70 % are shown).
Fusarium sensu stricto is demarcated by a red frame,
Geejayessia by green, Cyanonectria by blue, and the terminal
Fusarium clade by yellow. Scale bars: A 0.05 substitutions per site,
B 50 steps.
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Fig. 2. Phylogrammes showing individual gene phylogenies and combined phylogeny of
species of Geejayessia and Cyanonectria. Majority rule
consensus trees of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling inferred from
introns and exons of the ATP citrate lyase (acl1, A), translation
elongation factor 1 alpha (tef-1α, B), and the second largest
subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2, C). D. Phylogramme based on
the combined data sets of the three genes. Numbers above branches are Bayesian
posterior probabilities multiplied by 100 (p.p. > 90 are shown). Numbers
below the branches are parsimony bootstrap proportions (> 70 % are shown).
Scale bars: 0.04 substitutions per site.
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Fig. 3. Cyanonectria buxi, perithecia on the natural substrate. A–C.
Habit on Buxus twigs. D–F. Colour change in perithecium in
water (D), replaced with 2 % KOH (E) and then lactic acid (F), showing the
reduced reaction towards the base of perithecium (E, F). G, H, J, K. Median
longitudinal section through perithecia (G, H), ostiolar (J) and lateral
perithecial walls (K). I. Longitudinal section through hyphal stroma
supporting perithecia. L–O. Face view of perithecial wall. L. Hyphae
covering perithecia reacting to lactic acid in a similar manner as the
perithecium. M. Hypha-like cells on the surface of perithecia. N. Outermost
cells of the main perithecial wall region with Samuels pores. O. Innermost
cells of the perithecial wall. G–K in Shears; L in 2 % KOH; M–O in
water. A, D–F, L–O
CBS H-20380; B, C,
G–K CBS
H-20379. Scale bars: A–C = 500 μm; D (also applies to E,
F), G = 100 μm; H = 50 μm; I–L 20 = μm; O (M, N) 10 =
μm.
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Fig. 4. Cyanonectria buxi, spores and spore forming cells. A–D. Asci
with a somewhat flattened apex, with or without a visible refractive ring. E,
G, I–P. Ascospores. F, H. Ascospore surface. Q–S. Monophialides
formed by immersed mycelium. T. Sporodochium. U–Y. Macroconidia. Z.
Chlamydospores derived from macroconidium. AA–AC. Surface of PDA
colonies after 14 d at 20, 25 and 30 °C. AD. Reverse of colony illustrated
in AB. A–P CBS
H-20379; Q–S.
CBS 130.97; T, Y
CBS 109638; U
CBS 125554; V
CBS 125551; W
CBS 30.97; X,
AA–AD BBA 64985; Z CBS
125547. A–P, from natural substrate. Q–Z, from SNA/B.
Scale bars: B (also applies to A), X (W, Y) 50 = μm; C (D), Q (R, S), T 20
= μm; G (E, F, H), I (J–P), Z 10 = μm; U (V) = 50 and 10 μm;
AA–AD = 10 mm.
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Fig. 5. Geejayessia cicatricum, perithecia on the natural substrate.
A–C. Habit on decaying buds of Buxus sempervirens. D–F.
Colour change in perithecium in water (D), replaced with 2 % KOH (E) and then
lactic acid (F). G, H. Longitudinal section through decaying bud. I.
Longitudinal section through stroma supporting the perithecia, with hypha-like
cells. J–L. Median longitudinal sections through perithecia (J),
ostiolar region (K) and lateral perithecial wall (L). M–O. Face views of
perithecial wall. M. Cells on the surface of perithecia having hyphal or
setose characteristics. N. Outermost cells of the main perithecial wall region
with Samuels pores. O. Innermost cells of perithecial wall. C rehydrated in
water, G–L in Shears, M, O in water, N in 2 % KOH. A, C, G–L,
CBS H-20375; B,
D–F, CBS
H-20376; M–O,
CBS H-20377. Scale
bars: A–C, G = 500 μm; E (D, F) = 100 μm; H = 200 μm; I–L
= 20 μm; M–O = 10 μm.
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Fig. 6. Geejayessia cicatricum, spores and spore forming cells. A–C.
Asci with broadly rounded or slightly flattened apex, with visible refractive
ring. D–J. Ascospores, with E, G showing surface roughening. K, L.
Branched conidiophores and monophialides from sporodochia with anastomosing
cells. M–Q. Macroconidia. A–J, M from natural substrate. K,
N–Q from SNA, SNA/CL or SNA/B. L from PDA. A–J, L,
CBS H-20374; K, N,
P, Q, CBS 125549;
M, CBS 125552; O,
CBS 125550. Scale
bars: A, O 50 = μm, B, C, K, L = 20 μm, G (applies also to D–F), I
(H, J) = 10 μm, P (M, N, Q) = 50 and 10 μm.
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Fig. 7. Geejayessia atrofusca. A, B. Habit of perithecia on twigs of
Staphylea trifolia. C, G, H. Longitudinal section through perithecial
stroma (C), lateral perithecial wall (G), stroma composed of hypha-like cells
(H). D–F. Colour change in perithecium in water (D), replaced with 2 %
KOH (E) and then lactic acid (F). I. Hypha-like cells continuous with cells of
the stroma covering base of perithecium. J, K. Face view of outermost cells of
perithecial wall with Samuels pores (arrows). L. Ascus. M. Ascospores, the
bottom one showing surface. N. Sporodochium. O, P. Mononematious, simple
conidiophores, phialides. Q, R. Macroconidia. S, T. Aseptate or 1-septate
microconidia. A–M, CBS
H-20381, from natural substrate; N–T,
CBS 125505 ex
ascospores of CBS
H-20381 on SNA/CL. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C = 500 μm;
D–F = 100 μm; G, J, K, M, O, P, S, T = 10 μm; H, I, L, N = 20
μm; Q, R = 50 and 5 μm.
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Fig. 8. Geejayessia celtidicola, perithecia on the natural substrate,
holotype. A, B. Habit on bark of Celtis occidentalis. C, D. Colour change in
perithecium in 2 % KOH (C) then replaced by lactic acid (D). E. Longitudinal
section of erumpent stroma and perithecia. F–I. Face view of perithecial
wall. F. Cells on the surface of perithecia showing hyphal or setose
characteristics. G, H. Outermost cells of the main perithecial wall with
Samuels pores. I. Intermediate cells of the perithecial wall. J–L.
Median longitudinal sections of perithecia or perithecial walls. M.
Longitudinal section through stroma supporting the perithecia showing
hypha-like cells. B. after rehydration in water; E, H, J–M in Shears; F,
G, I in water. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B, E = 200 μm; C, D = 100 μm;
F–I = 10 μm; J–M = 20 μm.
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Fig. 9. Geejayessia celtidicola, spores and spore forming cells.
A–C. Asci with rounded apex, lacking refractive ring. D. Ascospore
surface. E, F. Ascospores. G. Longitudinal section of sporodochium. H.
Hymenial tissue of base of sporodochial stroma. I–K. Monophialides on
branched conidiophores from sporodochial hymenium, I, J. With anastomoses.
L–P. Macroconidia. A–F. Holotype
CBS H-20378;
G–K, P CBS
125502; L, M, O,
CBS 125504; N,
CBS 125481. Scale
bars: A, B (applies also to C), N (L, M, O, P) = 50 μm; D (E, F) = 10
μm; G =100 μm; H, J (I, K) = 20 μm.
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Fig. 10. Geejayessia desmazieri, perithecia on the natural substrate.
A–D. Habit on twigs of Buxus sempervirens. E–G. Colour
change in perithecium in water (E), replaced with 2 % KOH (F) and then lactic
acid (G). H–L. Longitudinal section through perithecial stroma (H),
single perithecium (I), lateral perithecial wall (J), stroma with hypha-like
cells (K), perithecial wall near ostiole (L). M, N. Hyphal or setose cells on
the surface of perithecial wall. O–Q. Face view of outermost (O),
intermediate (P) and innermost (Q) cell layers of perithecial wall. Arrows in
O, P indicate Samuels pores in cell walls. H–L in Shears; M–Q in
water. A, BPI 798402, isotype of N. desmazieri; B, M–O
CBS H-20373; C, Q
W-10342, isotype of N. gibbera; D–L, P,
CBS H-20372,
epitype; Q, “Funghi. rh. 2357, Fuckel 852”. Scale bars: A–D
= 500 μm; E–G = 100 μm; H = 200 μm; I = 50 μm; J–L =
20 μm; M–Q = 10 μm.
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Fig. 11. Geejayessia desmazieri, spores and spore forming cells. A–C.
Asci with broadly rounded or slightly flattened apex, lacking or with
inconspicuous refractive rings. D. Ascospore surface. E. Ascospores. F.
Branched conidiophores from sporodochia. G, N. Hymenium of monophialides from
sporodochia. H–M, O–V. Macroconidia from sporodochia. A–E,
N, O–V, from natural substrate. F–M, from SNA/B or SNA/CL.
A–C, CBS
H-20372, epitype of G. desmazieri; D, E,
CBS H-20373; F, G,
L, M, CBS 840.85;
H–J, BBA 67515; K, CBS
125507, ex-epitype strain; N–V, G00110886, lectotype of
N. gibbera. N, S–V, mounted in lactic acid, all others in
water. Scale bars: B (also applies to A, C), H (I–M, O–V) = 50
μm; D, E = 10 μm; F, G (N) = 20 μm; O (H–M, P–V) = 5
μm.
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Fig. 12. Comparison of teleomorph characters of
“Haematonectria” illudens,
“Haematonectria” sp. and “Nectria”
albida. A–I. “Haematonectria”
illudens on the natural substrate. A. Habit of perithecia. B–D.
Longitudinal sections of perithecia, erumpent stroma and lateral perithecial
wall. E–G. Front view of cell layers of the perithecial wall, E, F
showing cells of perithecial warts. H, I. Ascospore, H showing surface
striations. J–P. “Haematonectria” sp. J–L.
Colour changes in perithecium mounted in water (J), replaced with 2 % KOH (K)
and then lactic acid (L). M. Habit of perithecia. N. Cells of perithecial
warts. O, P. Intermediate cells of the perithecial wall. Q–X.
“Nectria” albida. Q. Habit of perithecia. R–T.
Colour changes in perithecium mounted in water (R), replaced with 2 % KOH (S)
and then lactic acid (T). U. Ascospore. V. Short seta like cells emerging from
perithecial wall. W. Hypha-like cells probably continuous with cells of the
stroma covering base of perithecium. X. Outermost cell layer of perithecial
wall. Arrows in E–G, N–P, X indicate Samuels pores in cell-walls.
A–I BPI 802461; J–P BPI 745186; Q–X BPI 1108875. Scale bars:
A, Q = 500 μm; B, J–L, R–T = 100 μm; C, D = 50 μm;
E–I, N–P, U–X = 10 μm; M = 200 μm.
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Fig. 13. Comparison of teleomorph characters of Fusarium sambucinum and
Albonectria rigidiuscula. A–J. Fusarium
sambucinum on the natural substrate. A–C. Habit of perithecia.
D–F. Colour changes in perithecium mounted in water (D), replaced with 2
% KOH (E) and then with lactic acid (F). G–I. Face view of cell layers
of the perithecial wall. G. Cells of perithecial warts. I. Innermost cells of
the perithecial wall. K–U. Albonectria rigidiuscula. K–M.
Colour changes in perithecium mounted in water (K), replaced with 2 % KOH (L)
and then with lactic acid (M). N, O. Habit of perithecia. P, Q. Cells of
perithecial warts. R. Cells of the main perithecial wall. S–U.
Ascospores, U showing wall surface. Arrows in H, I, P–R indicate Samuels
pores in cell walls. A, B, D–F HJS 1459; C, G–J BPI 1109327;
K–U HJS 0109. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B, C, N, O = 500 μm; D–F,
K–M = 100 μm; G = 20 μm; H–J, P–U = 10 μm.
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