Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Exp Cell Res
2008 May 01;3148:1744-52. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.036.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
The dynamics of secretion during sea urchin embryonic skeleton formation.
Wilt FH
,
Killian CE
,
Hamilton P
,
Croker L
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Skeleton formation involves secretion of massive amounts of mineral precursor, usually a calcium salt, and matrix proteins, many of which are deposited on, or even occluded within, the mineral. The cell biological underpinnings of this secretion and subsequent assembly of the biomineralized skeletal element is not well understood. We ask here what is the relationship of the trafficking and secretion of the mineral and matrix within the primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo, cells that deposit the endoskeletal spicule. Fluorescent labeling of intracellular calcium deposits show mineral precursors are present in granules visible by light microscopy, from whence they are deposited in the endoskeletal spicule, especially at its tip. In contrast, two different matrix proteins tagged with GFP are present in smaller post-Golgi vesicles only seen by electron microscopy, and the secreted protein are only incorporated into the spicule in the vicinity of the cell of origin. The matrix protein, SpSM30B, is post-translationally modified during secretion, and this processing continues after its incorporation into the spicule. Our findings also indicate that the mineral precursor and two well characterized matrix proteins are trafficked by different cellular routes.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
18355808
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC2444014 ???displayArticle.link???Exp Cell Res ???displayArticle.grants???[+]
Arnone,
Green Fluorescent Protein in the sea urchin: new experimental approaches to transcriptional regulatory analysis in embryos and larvae.
1997, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Arnone,
Green Fluorescent Protein in the sea urchin: new experimental approaches to transcriptional regulatory analysis in embryos and larvae.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Beniash,
Cellular control over spicule formation in sea urchin embryos: A structural approach.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Benson,
The synthesis and secretion of collagen by cultured sea urchin micromeres.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Brandhorst,
Skeletogenesis in sea urchin interordinal hybrid embryos.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Decker,
Growth of linear spicules in cultured primary mesenchymal cells of sea urchin embryos is bidirectional.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Decker,
Characterization of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells and spicules during biomineralization in vitro.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Decker,
Skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
George,
Characterization and expression of a gene encoding a 30.6-kDa Strongylocentrotus purpuratus spicule matrix protein.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Guss,
Skeletal morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo: regulation of primary mesenchyme gene expression and skeletal rod growth by ectoderm-derived cues.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hwang,
Studies on the cellular pathway involved in assembly of the embryonic sea urchin spicule.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ingersoll,
Ultrastructural localization of spicule matrix proteins in normal and metalloproteinase inhibitor-treated sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ingersoll,
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors disrupt spicule formation by primary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kawamoto,
Changes in the mode of calcium and phosphate transport during rat incisal enamel formation.
1990,
Pubmed
Killian,
Characterization of the proteins comprising the integral matrix of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryonic spicules.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kitajima,
Differential distribution of spicule matrix proteins in the sea urchin embryo skeleton.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kitajima,
Expression of spicule matrix protein gene SM30 in embryonic and adult mineralized tissues of sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Laemmli,
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
1970,
Pubmed
Livingston,
A genome-wide analysis of biomineralization-related proteins in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Makabe,
Cis-regulatory control of the SM50 gene, an early marker of skeletogenic lineage specification in the sea urchin embryo.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
McMahon,
Introduction of cloned DNA into sea urchin egg cytoplasm: replication and persistence during embryogenesis.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Peled-Kamar,
Spicule matrix protein LSM34 is essential for biomineralization of the sea urchin spicule.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Suzuki,
Two-color fluorescent labeling of mineralizing tissues with tetracycline and 2,4-bis[N,N'-di-(carbomethyl)aminomethyl] fluorescein.
1966,
Pubmed
Urry,
Expression of spicule matrix proteins in the sea urchin embryo during normal and experimentally altered spiculogenesis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wilt,
Biomineralization of the spicules of sea urchin embryos.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wilt,
Matrix and mineral in the sea urchin larval skeleton.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yamasu,
Functional organization of DNA elements regulating SM30alpha, a spicule matrix gene of sea urchin embryos.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
