Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Foods
2023 Nov 10;1222:. doi: 10.3390/foods12224079.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Degradation Product of Sea Cucumber Polysaccharide by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Enhanced the Migration of Macrophage In Vitro.
Cheng S
,
Cai H
,
Yi M
,
Dong L
,
Yang J
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
This study investigated the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) on sea cucumber polysaccharide (SP-2) and evaluated its anti-inflammatory properties. The SP-2 was depolymerized by applying an input voltage of 60~90 V for 3~9 min. The features of the products were examined using high-performance gel permeation chromatography, HPLC-PAD-MS, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The anti-inflammatory properties of the product were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) release, ROS accumulation, and cell migration using RAW264.7 cells (LPS-induced or not-induced). The results showed SP-2 depolymerized into homogeneous and controllable-size oligosaccharide products. The depolymerized ratio can reach 80%. The results of the measurement of reducing sugars indicate that SP-2 was cleaved from within the sugar chain. The SP-2 was deduced to have a monosaccharide sequence of GlcN-Man-Man-Man-Man-Man based on the digested fragment information. The depolymerization product restrained the release of NO and the accumulation of ROS. By testing the RAW264.7 cell scratch assay, it was found that it enhances the migration of immune cells. DBD degradation of SP-2 leads to homogeneous and controllable-size oligosaccharide products, and this technique can be used for polysaccharide structure analysis. The depolymerized product of SP-2 has an anti-inflammatory capability in vitro.
Figure 1. Elution spectrum of crude sea cucumber polysaccharide with the column of Sepharose CL-6B (A); HPGPC spectrum of SP-2 (B); and molecular weight of Oligo-SP-2 (C).
Figure 2. HPGPC spectra of DBD-treated SP-2 fragments. (A) DBD treatment of SP-2 with various voltages. (B) DBD treatment of SP-2 over various periods. (C) DBD treatment of SP-2 at various initial concentrations. (D–F) The SP-2 depolymerization percentage for each described treatment. “a–c” indicate p < 0.05 in different groups.
Figure 3. (A) The pH changes of SP-2 solution during DBD treatment from 0 to 90 V and (B) 0 to 9 min.
Figure 4. The reducing end formation in SP-2 solution after the DBD treated for 0, 3, 5, and 7 min. “a–d” means p < 0.05 in different groups.
Figure 5. The FTIR spectra of SP-2 before and after the depolymerization with DBD.
Figure 6. (A–D) HPLC-PAD-MS spectra of DBD-treated SP-2 for 9 min under an input voltage of 70 V at 1 A.
Figure 7. HPGPC spectra of SP-2 and digested SP-2 using the ultrasonic and hydrogen peroxide methods, respectively. SP-2 was digested by ultrasonic treatment for 20 min with a power intensity of 48.4 W/cm2. SP-2 was digested by hydrogen peroxide with a H2O2 concentration of 2% at 50 °C for 5 h.
Figure 8. The effect of various concentrations of SP-2 or Oligo-SP-2 treatment on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. “a–d” means p < 0.05 in different groups.
Figure 9. The effect of various concentrations of SP-2 or Oligo-SP-2 on NO release in RAW264.7 cells. “a–d” means p < 0.05 in different groups.
Figure 10. The effect of various concentrations of SP-2 or Oligo-SP-2 treatment on the ROS level of RAW264.7 cells. “a–d” means p < 0.05 in different groups.
Figure 11. The effect of SP-2 or Oligo-SP-2 on the migration of RAW264.7 cells. (A) Representative images of the scratch assay (microscope magnification is 40×). (B) Cell migration rate (%) in different treatments. “a–d” means p < 0.05 in different groups.
Al-Wraikat,
Structural Characterization of Degraded Lycium barbarum L. Leaves' Polysaccharide Using Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide.
2022, Pubmed
Al-Wraikat,
Structural Characterization of Degraded Lycium barbarum L. Leaves' Polysaccharide Using Ascorbic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide.
2022,
Pubmed
Aquino,
Studies on a thermostable alpha-amylase from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum.
2003,
Pubmed
Cheung,
Effect of polysaccharide chain conformation on ultrasonic degradation of curdlan in alkaline solution.
2018,
Pubmed
Feng,
Degradation of diuron in aqueous solution by ozonation.
2008,
Pubmed
Gisterå,
The immunology of atherosclerosis.
2017,
Pubmed
Gusakov,
Comparison of two methods for assaying reducing sugars in the determination of carbohydrase activities.
2011,
Pubmed
Hamdan,
Phytochemical characterization and anti-inflammatory potential of Egyptian Murcott mandarin cultivar waste (stem, leaves and peel).
2020,
Pubmed
Ladner,
The Dimethylmethylene Blue Assay (DMMB) for the Quantification of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans.
2023,
Pubmed
Liu,
Structure characterization, chemical and enzymatic degradation, and chain conformation of an acidic polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L.
2016,
Pubmed
Park,
Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of rhamnogalacturonan-II-type polysaccharide isolated from mature leaves of green tea via activation of macrophages and natural killer cells.
2017,
Pubmed
Pi,
Detection of lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages using atomic force microscope.
2014,
Pubmed
Ren,
Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Ganoderma on immune effector cells.
2021,
Pubmed
Sales-Neto,
Patulin inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production by suppressing MAPKs signaling pathway.
2022,
Pubmed
Scholtz,
Nonthermal plasma--A tool for decontamination and disinfection.
2015,
Pubmed
Sheng,
Morphological transformation and proliferation of rat astrocytes as induced by sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sul,
Quercetin Prevents LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Modulating NOX2/ROS/NF-kB in Lung Epithelial Cells.
2021,
Pubmed
Sun,
Preparation of different molecular weight polysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum and their antioxidant activities.
2009,
Pubmed
Suzuki,
Antithrombotic and anticoagulant activity of depolymerized fragment of the glycosaminoglycan extracted from Stichopus japonicus Selenka.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wang,
Stichopus japonicus Polysaccharide Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation through Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway in MC3T3-E1 Cells.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wright,
The role of nuclear factor kappa B in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases: implications for therapy.
2003,
Pubmed
Wu,
Effect of solution plasma process with hydrogen peroxide on the degradation and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula.
2018,
Pubmed
Wu,
Preparation and characterization of molecular weight fractions of glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Thelenata ananas using free radical depolymerization.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wu,
Depolymerization of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber, Pearsonothuria graeffei, via 60Co irradiation.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Xu,
Charaterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide isolated from Pleurotus eryngii.
2016,
Pubmed
Xue,
Direct Z-Scheme charge transfer in heterostructured MoO3/g-C3N4 photocatalysts and the generation of active radicals in photocatalytic dye degradations.
2019,
Pubmed
Yang,
A new polysaccharide from leaf of Ginkgo biloba L.
2009,
Pubmed
Zhang,
The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita.
2016,
Pubmed
Zheng,
Physicochemical Characteristics and Anticoagulant Activities of the Polysaccharides from Sea Cucumber Pattalus mollis.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zhou,
Isolation, structure identification and anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharide from Phragmites rhizoma.
2020,
Pubmed
Zhu,
Sulfated polysaccharide from sea cucumber modulates the gut microbiota and its metabolites in normal mice.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
