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Microbiol Spectr
2023 Oct 12;116:e0207323. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02073-23.
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Distinct gut microbial communities and functional predictions in divergent ophiuroid species: host differentiation, ecological niches, and adaptation to cold-water habitats.
Dong Y, Li Y, Ge M, Takatsu T, Wang Z, Zhang X, Ding D, Xu Q.
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Gastrointestinal microorganisms are critical to the survival and adaptation of hosts, and there are few studies on the differences and functions of gastrointestinal microbes in widely distributed species. This study investigated the gut microbes of two ophiuroid species (Ophiura sarsii and its subspecies O. sarsii vadicola) in cold-water habitats of the Northern Pacific Ocean. The results showed that a combination of host and environmental factors shapes the intestinal microbiota of ophiuroids. There was a high similarity in microbial communities between the two groups living in different regions, which may be related to their similar ecological niches. These microorganisms played a vital role in the ecological success of ophiuroids as the foundation for their adaptation to cold-water environments. This study revealed the complex relationship between hosts and their gut microbes, providing insights into the role they play in the adaptation and survival of marine species.
42176135 MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), 2022YFF0802202 MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs)
Fig 1. Alpha diversity was calculated using (A) the Shannon-Weiner index and (B) the Simpson index. Statistical analysis was conducted on alpha diversity using Mann-Whitney U tests, P > 0.05. O. sarsii in the Bering Sea (SBL), O. sarsii in Funka Bay (SJP), O. sarsii vadicola in Funka Bay (SSJP), and O. sarsii vadicola in the Yellow Sea (SSYS).
Fig 2. Principal component analysis (PCA) (A) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) (B) analysis of gut microbiota of ophiuroids at the ASV level. O. sarsii in the Bering Sea (SBL), O. sarsii in Funka Bay (SJP), O. sarsii vadicola in Funka Bay (SSJP), and O. sarsii vadicola in the Yellow Sea (SSYS).
Fig 3. Relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum level (A) and genus level (B) in ophiuroids from the three sea areas. Groups with <1.0% abundance were summarized as other. O. sarsii in the Bering Sea (SBL), O. sarsii in Funka Bay (SJP), O. sarsii vadicola in Funka Bay (SSJP), and O. sarsii vadicola in the Yellow Sea (SSYS).
Fig 4. The heatmap of the relative abundance of gut microbiota at the genus level (>1.0%) in ophiuroids from three sea areas. O. sarsii in the Bering Sea (SBL), O. sarsii in Funka Bay (SJP), O. sarsii vadicola (SSJP) in Funka Bay, and O. sarsii vadicola in the Yellow Sea (SSYS).
Fig 5. The significant expression pathways based on (A) PICRUSt2 and (B) Tax4Fun2 analyses of the gut microbial community between O. sarsii at Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes level 2. O. sarsii in the Bering Sea (SBL) and O. sarsii in Funka Bay (SJP).
Fig 6. Phylogenetic analysis of Ca. Hepatoplasma based on 16S rRNA sequences. The node bootstrap value below 50 is not shown. Sequences from the four groups in this study are marked with red circles, while the ASVs of the previous study are marked with blue triangles.
Fig 7. Phylogenetic analysis of Aliivibrio based on 16S rRNA sequences. The node bootstrap value below 50 is not shown. Sequences from the four groups in this study are marked with red circles, while the ASVs of the previous study are marked with blue triangles.
Fig 8. Sampling sites of ophiuroids from the Bering Sea, Funka Bay in Japan, and the Yellow Sea. The map was created using Ocean Data View (ODV, https://odv.awi.de/).
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