Dev Growth Differ 1994 Aug 01;364:397-408. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1994.00397.x.

Several Cell Responses to Insulin of Cultured Cells Derived from Micromeres, Isolated from Sea Urchin Embryos at the 16 Cell Stage: (Sea urchin/development/morphogenesis/insulin/micromere).

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In micromere-derived cells of sea urchin embryos, treatment with insulin started for up to 24 h during culture at 20°C resulted in augmentation of 32 P incorporation into protein (protein phosphorylation) followed by activation of 32 P incorporation into RNA (RNA synthesis) and then induced pseudopodial cable growth, accompanied by considerable decreases in the rates of protein phosphorylation and RNA synthesis. This augmentation of RNA synthesis and cable growth induced by insulin were blocked by H-7, which inhibited protein phosphorylation, and were also inhibited by actinomycin D without any inhibition of protein phosphorylation. Similar results were obtained on treatment with horse serum, found to contain insulin-like compounds. In cells treated with horse serum treated cells, high rates of protein phosphorylation and RNA synthesis were maintained even after the initiation of cable growth and about 5 h later, spicule rods were produced. Insulin treatment did not induce spicule rod formation. In cells treated with horse serum, actinomycin D treatment started at the time of initiation of cable growth, cables were formed but formation of spicule rods was blocked. These results suggest that horse serum contains some other substance besides insulin-like ones, which induces expression of genes that are indispensable for spicule rod formation.

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