Dev Growth Differ 1978 Jan 01;202:107-114. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1978.00107.x.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEA-STAR, ASTERINA BATHERI GOTO.

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Using natural spawning and artificial fertilization, the entire process of development from eggs to juveniles was observed in the sea-star, Asterina batheri Goto. The breeding season of this animal in Tsukumo Bay and Toyama Bay is estimated to be late summer. The spawned eggs are approximately 430 μm in diameter and float near the surface of sea water. They develop, through a wrinkled blastula stage by holoblastic. radial cleavage, into a pear-shaped brachiolaria bearing 3 blunt brachiolar arms. Metamorphosis takes place while the brachiolariae are swimming. Ten days after fertilization, metamorphosis is complete; the resulting juveniles are about 800 μm in diameter and colored pale brown with a green tint. They bear 2 pairs of tube-feet and a terminal tentacle in each arm. Development of this species is thus of the direct type, and very similar in every respect to that of Asterina coronata japonica, which is closely related to the present species.

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