Dev Growth Differ 1982 Jan 01;242:155-162. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1982.00155.x.

Intracellular Microinjection of Anticalmodulin Drugs Does not Inhibit the Cortical Reaction Induced by Fertilization, Ionophore A 23187 or Injection of Calcium Buffers in Sea Urchin Eggs: (calmodulin/exocytosis/fertilization/sea urchin).

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The drugs, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, propranolol, vinblastine and W7[N-(6-arninohexyl)-5 chloro-1-napthalene-sulfonamide], which have been shown to prevent formation of the ternary activated complex of Ca++ -calmodulin with several soluble or membrane proteins, inhibit the cortical reaction induced by fertilization, by ionophore A 23187 or by the microinjection of Ca++ buffers when applied from outside to sea urchin eggs. In contrast, direct intracellular microinjection of these drugs, even at concentrations much exceeding their I50 for external application, does not suppress elevation of the fertilization membrane, although it prevents cleavage after fertilization. The implication is that intracellular calmodulin is not the receptor of Ca++ in the Ca++ -dependent exocytosis of cortical granules induced by fertilization, by ionophore, or by the micro-injection of calcium buffers.

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