Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther
2021 Jun 01;34:102324. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102324.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
SARS-CoV-2, hemoglobin and protoporphyrin IX: Interactions and perspectives.
Courrol LC
,
de Oliveira Silva FR
,
Masilamani V
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 attacks hemoglobin through its structural protein ORF3a, dissociating the iron from the heme, as iron is necessary by cell machinery for virus replication. In this process protoporphyrin (PpIX) is released.
METHODS: The decrease in the hemoglobin levels observed in patients with Covid-19 is frequently accompanied by an increase in PpIX levels. This evidence was confirmed by the quantification of PpIX by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). PpIX emission is observed in its two characteristic bands at approximately 635 nm and 705 nm.
RESULTS: This paper searches to understand the role of heme and PpIX inside the cells. Perspectives on the use of PpIX fluorescence as a sensor to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the tissue, blood, urine, or feces to map the evolution and severity of the disease or to monitor the response of the Covid-19 treatment modalities were described.
CONCLUSION: Fluorescence spectroscopy could be adopted as an excellent diagnostic technique for Covid-19, of low cost and high sensitivity. This method can potentially be used as a marker to monitor the response to the treatments. Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies using the endogenous PpIX increased in the acute phase of the disease, could be employed for Covid-19 treatment.
Abbaspour,
Review on iron and its importance for human health.
2014, Pubmed
Abbaspour,
Review on iron and its importance for human health.
2014,
Pubmed
Agostinis,
Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update.
2011,
Pubmed
Ajioka,
Biosynthesis of heme in mammals.
2006,
Pubmed
Almeida,
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Control of COVID-19.
2020,
Pubmed
Asghar,
Poor Prognostic Biochemical Markers Predicting Fatalities Caused by COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study From a Developing Country.
2020,
Pubmed
Ashokka,
Reconfiguring the scope and practice of regional anesthesia in a pandemic: the COVID-19 perspective.
2020,
Pubmed
Bae,
Multispectral autofluorescence imaging for detection of cervical lesions: A preclinical study.
2016,
Pubmed
Bao,
Quantification of bacterial cells based on autofluorescence on a microfluidic platform.
2008,
Pubmed
Basiglio,
Protective role of unconjugated bilirubin on complement-mediated hepatocytolysis.
2007,
Pubmed
Bernardes,
Longitudinal Multi-omics Analyses Identify Responses of Megakaryocytes, Erythroid Cells, and Plasmablasts as Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19.
2020,
Pubmed
Bonetti,
Laboratory predictors of death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the area of Valcamonica, Italy.
2020,
Pubmed
Buchalla,
Fluorescence spectroscopy of dental calculus.
2004,
Pubmed
Cavezzi,
COVID-19: hemoglobin, iron, and hypoxia beyond inflammation. A narrative review.
2020,
Pubmed
Chen,
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study.
2020,
Pubmed
Cheng,
Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated sonodynamic therapy on macrophages.
2013,
Pubmed
Chhabra,
Iron Pathways and Iron Chelation Approaches in Viral, Microbial, and Fungal Infections.
2020,
Pubmed
Claiborne,
Protein-sulfenic acids: diverse roles for an unlikely player in enzyme catalysis and redox regulation.
1999,
Pubmed
Costley,
Treating cancer with sonodynamic therapy: a review.
2015,
Pubmed
Das,
Ultra-portable, wireless smartphone spectrometer for rapid, non-destructive testing of fruit ripeness.
2016,
Pubmed
Drakesmith,
Viral infection and iron metabolism.
2008,
Pubmed
Eickmann,
Inactivation of three emerging viruses - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus and Nipah virus - in platelet concentrates by ultraviolet C light and in plasma by methylene blue plus visible light.
2020,
Pubmed
Ejigu,
Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion as a Potential Treatment Option in COVID-19 Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Case Report.
2020,
Pubmed
Froggatt,
Development of a Fluorescence-Based, High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Reporter Assay.
2020,
Pubmed
Ghosh,
Extracellular hemin crisis triggers acute chest syndrome in sickle mice.
2013,
Pubmed
Giuntini,
Insight into ultrasound-mediated reactive oxygen species generation by various metal-porphyrin complexes.
2018,
Pubmed
Gonçalvez,
Study of THP-1 Macrophage Viability after Sonodynamic Therapy Using Methyl Ester of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Gold Nanoparticles.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gotardelo,
Porphyrins are increased in the faeces of patients with prostate cancer: a case-control study.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Grek,
Hypoxia up-regulates expression of hemoglobin in alveolar epithelial cells.
2011,
Pubmed
Guo,
Highly Sensitive Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Determination of Human IgG in Serum Using Quantum Dot Nanobeads and Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanospheres.
2020,
Pubmed
Hagiya,
Pivotal roles of peptide transporter PEPT1 and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 in 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photocytotoxicity of gastric cancer cells in vitro.
2012,
Pubmed
Hennig,
Non-invasive detection of iron deficiency by fluorescence measurement of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin in the lip.
2016,
Pubmed
Huang,
Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19.
2020,
Pubmed
Huerga Encabo,
Human Erythroid Progenitors Are Directly Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Implications for Emerging Erythropoiesis in Severe COVID-19 Patients.
2021,
Pubmed
Kipshidze,
Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19.
2020,
Pubmed
Kitajima,
Mechanistic study of PpIX accumulation using the JFCR39 cell panel revealed a role for dynamin 2-mediated exocytosis.
2019,
Pubmed
Le Roy,
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
2005,
Pubmed
Lee,
Multifunctional materials for implantable and wearable photonic healthcare devices.
2020,
Pubmed
Li,
Comparison of protoporphyrin IX produced cell proliferation inhibition between human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
2014,
Pubmed
Lippert,
Excretion measurement of porphyrins and their precursors after topical administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid for fluorescence endoscopy in head and neck cancer.
2003,
Pubmed
Lippi,
Hemoglobin value may be decreased in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019.
2020,
Pubmed
Liu,
Depriving Iron Supply to the Virus Represents a Promising Adjuvant Therapeutic Against Viral Survival.
2020,
Pubmed
Liu,
Hematological findings in coronavirus disease 2019: indications of progression of disease.
2020,
Pubmed
Maitra,
Porphyrin-Induced Protein Oxidation and Aggregation as a Mechanism of Porphyria-Associated Cell Injury.
2019,
Pubmed
Manigandan,
A systematic review on recent trends in transmission, diagnosis, prevention and imaging features of COVID-19.
2020,
Pubmed
Masilamani,
Fluorescence spectra of blood and urine for cervical cancer detection.
2012,
Pubmed
Mauriz,
Recent Progress in Plasmonic Biosensing Schemes for Virus Detection.
2020,
Pubmed
Mehta,
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.
2020,
Pubmed
Nascimento da Silva,
Liquid biopsy of atherosclerosis using protoporphyrin IX as a biomarker.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Nazarenko,
Air filtration and SARS-CoV-2.
2020,
Pubmed
Puig,
The elemental role of iron in DNA synthesis and repair.
2017,
Pubmed
Ryter,
Carbon monoxide in biology and medicine.
2004,
Pubmed
Sabino,
Light-based technologies for management of COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
2020,
Pubmed
Sachar,
Protoporphyrin IX: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
2016,
Pubmed
Sadanala,
Sono-photodynamic combination therapy: a review on sensitizers.
2014,
Pubmed
Saha,
Transcriptional regulation of Hb-α and Hb-β through nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation in human vaginal cells: A novel mechanism of cellular adaptability to oxidative stress.
2017,
Pubmed
San Juan,
Abnormal concentration of porphyrins in serum from COVID-19 patients.
2020,
Pubmed
Sarady-Andrews,
Biliverdin administration protects against endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats.
2005,
Pubmed
Schaer,
Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins.
2013,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
The role of iron in viral infections.
2020,
Pubmed
Schöning,
Development and validation of a prognostic COVID-19 severity assessment (COSA) score and machine learning models for patient triage at a tertiary hospital.
2021,
Pubmed
Shahbaz,
Erythroid precursors and progenitors suppress adaptive immunity and get invaded by SARS-CoV-2.
2021,
Pubmed
Shang,
Structure of mouse coronavirus spike protein complexed with receptor reveals mechanism for viral entry.
2020,
Pubmed
Silva,
Study of protoporphyrin IX elimination by body excreta: a new noninvasive cancer diagnostic method?
2013,
Pubmed
Tao,
Anemia is associated with severe illness in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.
2021,
Pubmed
Tezel,
Synthesis and secretion of hemoglobin by retinal pigment epithelium.
2009,
Pubmed
Wagener,
Different faces of the heme-heme oxygenase system in inflammation.
2003,
Pubmed
Wang,
Enhanced receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 through networks of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
2020,
Pubmed
Xu,
High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa.
2020,
Pubmed
Yağcı,
The relationship between serum erythropoietin, hepcidin, and haptoglobin levels with disease severity and other biochemical values in patients with COVID-19.
2021,
Pubmed
Yu,
Smartphone fluorescence spectroscopy.
2014,
Pubmed
ZELIGMAN,
Red fluorescence of urine in Wood's light as aid in office diagnosis of porphyria.
1950,
Pubmed
Zhou,
Porphyrin-loaded nanoparticles for cancer theranostics.
2016,
Pubmed
Zhu,
A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019.
2020,
Pubmed
da-Palma-Cruz,
Photobiomodulation modulates the resolution of inflammation during acute lung injury induced by sepsis.
2019,
Pubmed
de Oliveira Silva,
Intrinsic fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX from blood samples can yield information on the growth of prostate tumours.
2010,
Pubmed
