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Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
2023 Mar 15;1103:65. doi: 10.1007/s00128-023-03701-z.
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Hormetic Effects of Cerium, Lanthanum and Their Combination at Sub-micromolar Concentrations in Sea Urchin Sperm.
Pagano G
,
Brouziotis AA
,
Lyons D
,
Čarapar I
,
Oral R
,
Tez S
,
Thomas PJ
,
Tommasi F
,
Libralato G
,
Guida M
,
Trifuoggi M
.
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Rare earth elements (REEs) cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) and their combination were tested across a concentration range, from toxic (10-4 to 10-5 M) to lower concentrations (10-6 to 10-8 M) for their effects on sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis) sperm. A significantly decreased fertilization rate (FR) was found for sperm exposed to 10-5 M Ce, La and their combination, opposed to a significant increase of FR following 10-7 and 10-8 M REE sperm exposure. The offspring of REE-exposed sperm showed significantly increased developmental defects following sperm exposure to 10-5 M REEs vs. untreated controls, while exposure to 10-7 and 10-8 M REEs resulted in significantly decreased rates of developmental defects. Both of observed effects-on sperm fertilization success and on offspring quality-were closely exerted by Ce or La or their combination.
Fig. 1. Percent fertilization rate of S. granularis sperm exposed 30 min to
Ce(NO3), or La(NO3), or their combination at
concentrations ranging from 10−8 to 10−5 M
Fig. 2. Percent developmental defects and mortality in
the offspring of S. granularis sperm
exposed 30 min to Ce(NO3), or La(NO3), or their
combination at concentrations ranging from 10−8 to 10−5
M
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