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Front Nutr
2022 Jan 01;9:1065145. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1065145.
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Sea cucumber (Acaudina leucoprocta) peptides extended the lifespan and enhanced antioxidant capacity via DAF-16/DAF-2/SOD-3/OLD-1/PEPT-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Wu Y
,
Yang J
,
Xu C
,
Li Q
,
Ma Y
,
Zhao S
,
Zhuang J
,
Shen F
,
Wang Q
,
Feng F
,
Zhang X
.
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The sea cucumber peptides (SCPs) from Acaudina leucoprocta were derived from the patented bio-enzyme digestion technology and the molecular weight of obtained SCPs was < 10 kDa. In this study, we investigated the possible anti-aging effects of SCPs on the model of Caenorhabditis elegans and the underlying mechanisms. SCPs extend the average lifespan of nematodes by 31.46%. SCPs enhance the anti-stress capacity of C. elegans by improving heat resistance and mobility, Also, the accumulated potential oxidative stress inducers like lipofuscin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were reduced to 40.84 and 71.43%. In addition, SCPs can increase the antioxidant capacity in nematodes by enhancing the activity of SOD and CAT and reducing MDA accumulation in nematodes to 32.44%. Mechanistically, SCPs could mediate DAF-16/DAF-2/SOD-3/OLD-1/PEPT-1 axis to improve antioxidant capacity and extend lifespan in nematodes. Taken together, these findings provide a direction for the anti-aging effects of sea cucumber peptides and new insights into the further purifications of SCPs and future research on aging.
Figure 1. Amino acid composition and MW distribution of SCPs. (A) MW distribution of SCPs. (B) Amino acid compositions of SCPs.
Figure 2. Effects of SCPs on the lifespan of wild-type C. elegans under normal conditions. Statistical analyses were carried out using GraphPad software. A Kaplan-Meier lifespan analysis was carried out, and p-values were calculated using the log-rank test. In all statistical analyses, p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
Figure 3. Effects of SCPs on the stress and motion ability in N2 over time. (A) Effect of SCPs on N2 survival over time under paraquat-stimulated. (B) Effect of SCPs on N2 survival under paraquat-stimulated. (C) Effect of SCPs on the survival of N2 at 37 °C thermal shocks. (D) The effect of SCPs on the mobility of N2. The movement is the free crawling as action A; the body twisting or head twisting after the platinum wire is lightly touched as action C; between the two is action B. Different letters correspond to statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups.
Figure 4. Effect of SCPs on lipofuscin, ROS accumulation, and internal oxidation in N2. (A) The bar shows a gray value on lipofuscin in N2 after treatment with SCPs. (B) The typical fluorescent pictures of lipofuscin. (C) The bar shows a gray value on ROS in N2 after treatment with SCPs. (D) The typical fluorescent pictures of ROS accumulation. (E) The effects of SCPs on SOD, MDA, and CAT of N2 under normal conditions. Different letters correspond to statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups.
Figure 5. Effect of SCPs on the relative expression levels of anti-aging related genes in C. elegans. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. Different letters correspond to statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups in the same gene.
Figure 6. SCPs extended the lifespan of C. elegans through the daf-2,daf-16,sod-3,old-1,pept-1. SCPs extended the lifespan of C. elegans and could not through the tyr-3 and acox-1.5. (A) Distribution of DAF-16 “cytosolic,” “intermediate” and “nuclear,” (B) The proportion of DAF-16: GFP “cytosolic,” “intermediate” and “nuclear,” (C) Effect of SCPs on the lifespan of daf-16 mutants. (D) The lipofuscin accumulation was presented in fluorescent pictures. (E) The bar shows a gray value on lipofuscin in daf-2(e1370) after treatment with SCPs. (F) Effect of SCPs on the lifespan of daf-2(e1370) mutants. (G) The bar shows a gray value on fluorescent in (pAD76) sod-3p: GFP after treatment with SCPs. (H) Image of the fluorescence intensity in CF1553. (I) Effect of SCPs on the lifespan of pept-1(lg601) X. mutants. (J) Effect of SCPs on the lifespan of old-1(mk1) II mutants. (K) Effect of SCPs on the lifespan of RB1159[tyr-3(ok1194) I.] mutants. (L) Effect of SCPs on the lifespan of RB1985[acox-1.5(ok2619) III.] mutants. Different letters correspond to statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups.
Figure 7. SCPs extended the lifespan of C. elegans could through the IIS pathway (pept-1, daf-2, daf-16, old-1, sod-3) but not apoptosis and Dauer phase.
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