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Pollution of marine areas with oil and oil products is steadily growing. As part of this connection, the study of the impact of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine hydrobionts is an urgent issue of modern ecotoxicology. In our study, the genotoxic effect of the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel at different concentrations on the gametes of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis was evaluated. It was shown that during the incubation of sperm and eggs of a sand dollar in WAF with an oil hydrocarbon content of 1.32; 2.64; 5.37; 7.92 mg/L caused the destruction of the DNA molecule to varying degrees in both types of gametes. In addition, it has been shown that with an increase in the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in WAF, a large number of cells with a high level of DNA damage appear. The success of fertilization after exposure of gametes to a water-soluble extract of petroleum hydrocarbons was also evaluated. The relationship between an increase in the concentration of hydrocarbons in the tested solutions and a decrease in the level of fertilization is shown.
Figure 1. Level of DNA damage in sperm (A) and eggs (B) of sand dollar S. mirabilis after exposure to different concentrations of WAF-DF (mean ± standard deviation). * Difference from the control is significant (p < 0.05).
Figure 2. Distribution of comets according to the classes in sperm (A) and eggs (B) of the sand dollar S. mirabilis after exposure to different concentrations of WAF-DF.
Figure 3. Effect of WAF-DF exposure of different kinds of germ cells on the fertilization of the sand dollar S. mirabilis (A—sperm were exposed to WAF-DF; B—eggs were exposed to WAF-DF; and C—both types of gametes were exposed to WAF-DF (mean ±standard deviation). * Difference from the control is significant (p < 0.05).
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